Alan A. A. Cavaiola & Joseph E. E. Colford 
Crisis Intervention [PDF ebook] 
A Practical Guide

Chapter 1: Understanding Crisis
Defining Crisis
Danger vs. Opportunity
Types of Crises
Crises Reactions: A Continuum of Response
Multicultural Awareness and Crisis Intervention
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 2: Crisis Intervention Models: an Exploration of Historical and Contemporary Models
Crisis Assessment Models
Crisis Intervention Models
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Crisis Intervention
Slaikeu’s Comprehensive Model for Crisis Intervention
Flannery & Everly’s Crisis Intervention Model
Aguilera’s Model of Crisis Intervention
Robert’s Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model
James and Gilliland’s Six-Step Crisis Intervention Model
Greenstone & Leviton’s Crisis Intervention Model
Kanel’s A-B-C Model of Crisis Intervention
Cavaiola & Colford’s L-A-P-C Model of Crisis Intervention
Crisis Intervention Services in the 21st Century
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 3: Essential Crisis Intervention Skills
Responses to Crisis
The Physical Response
The Emotional Response
The Cognitive Response
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Intervention
Empowerment-Focused Crisis Intervention
Flexible Crisis Intervention
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Counselors
Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance and Positive Regard
Crisis Intervention Techniques: The L-A-P-C model
Putting Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance Into Practice
Chapter 4: Child Maltreatment
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect
Definitional Issues in Maltreatment
Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect
Possible Indicators of Child Abuse and Neglect
General Guidelines for Reporting Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 5: Adolescent Crises
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Historical Perspectives in Adolescence
What the Data Say
Adolescent Crises
Guidelines for Intervening with Eating Disorders
Adolescent Suicide
Guidelines for Dealing with a Suicidal Adolescent
Adolescents and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI): An Overview
Guidelines for Treating an Adolescent for Self-Injury
An Identity Crisis in Adolescence
Guidelines for Addressing Issues of Identity Development
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 6: The School’s Response to Crisis
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Active Shooter Incidents: Results from the FBI and the Secret Service
Implications for Schools
Case Presentation: A Case Involving A School Shooting
Case Discussion/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Suicide and the School’s Response
Case Discussion/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Dealing with a School-Related Suicide
Case Presentation: Accidental Death of a Student
Responding to Accidental Death: The School’s Response
Memorials
Case Presentation: Middle School and 9/11
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Crisis by Proxy
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 7: Alcohol and Drug Crises
Discussion Questions
The Scope of Drug and Alcohol Problems
Defining Substance Use Disorders: Diagnostic Concerns
Crisis Intervention and Case Management
General Guidelines for Working with Individuals with Substance Use Disorders
Treatment Options
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 8: The Crisis of Sexual Assault
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Statistics
Reactions of Victims to Sexual Assault
Who are the Perpetrators of Rape and Sexual Assault?
What to Do When Sexual Assault Is Reported
1-800-656-HOPE
Case Presentation: Anita, a Case of Sexual Assault
Intervention
Case Discussion/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Nicole, a Case of Date Rape
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: A Case of Date Rape and Date Rape Drugs
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Kristin, a Case of Rape
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Treating Victims of Sexual Assault
Quiz Answers
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence & Domestic Violence
Discussion Questions
Scope of the Problem
Definitions and Terminology
Battered Women
Characteristics Common to Batterers
The Cycle of Violence
Multicultural Considerations
Survivor Therapy with Battered Women
Programs for Batterers
Intimate Partner Stalking
Case Presentation: Physical & Verbal Abuse in a Dating Relationships
Case Presentation: A Case of Physical & Verbal Abuse
Case Presentation: A Verbally and Emotionally Abusive Relationship
General Guidelines for Crisis Counseling with Couples Exhibiting Intimate Partner Violence
Elder Abuse and Other Types of Domestic Violence
Case Presentation: A Case of Elder Abuse
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 10: Crises Involving Bereavement, Grief, and Loss
Discussion Questions
Defining Grief and Crises of Bereavement
Determinants of Grief Reactions
The Grieving Process
The Tasks of Mourning
Crisis Intervention in Situations Involving Bereavement and Loss
Case Presentation: George, a Husband Grieves the Loss of His Wife
Case Presentation: James and Barbara, a Couple Grieves the Tragic Loss of Their Son
Case Presentation: Ryan, a Child Grieves the Loss of His Mother
Case Presentations: Tara & Bill, Parents Grieving the Loss of Their Newborn Daughter
Case Presentation: Tanya, a Case of Traumatic Bereavement
Case Presentation: John, the Grief of Divorce
Suicide Bereavement
Grieving the Loss of a Pet
General Guidelines for Counselors in Managing Crises of Loss and Bereavement
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 11: Crises Involving Suicide, Homicide & Lethality
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Scope and Definition of the Problem
Case Presentation: Beth, A Case Involving a Vague Threat of Suicide
Case Presentation: Maria, a Case Involving a Threatened Suicide
Guidelines for Managing Crises Involving Suicide
Crises Involving Homicide, Lethality and Threats of Suicide
Case Presentation: Jason, A Case Involving the Threat of Violence
Case Presentation: Richard, A Case Involving Threats of Murder/Suicide
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 12: Mental Health & Psychiatric Crises
Discussion Questions
Scope of the Problem
Defining Various Psychiatric Crises
Case Presentation: A Case of Panic Disorder in the Aftermath of Trauma
Practical Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Someone with PTSD & Anxiety
Practical Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Someone with Mood Disorders
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Those with Schizophrenia
Crisis Related to Personality Disorders
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention with Borderline Personality Disorder
Crises Involving Neurocognitive Disorders
Crisis Cases Involving Delirium and Dementia
Medical Conditions & Medications That Can Mimic Psychiatric Symptoms
Psychiatric Crisis Service Delivery: Psychiatric Crisis Hot Lines
Psychiatric Crisis Service Delivery: Psychiatric Walk-In Crisis Centers and Mobile Crisis Services
Warning Signs of a Mental Health Crisis
Multicultural Considerations
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 13: Health Crises
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Defining Medical Crises
Emotional-Psychological Response to Medical Crises
The Crisis Response of the Family and the Cultural Consideration
Case Presentation: A Crisis at the time of Diagnosis
Case Presentation: A Treatment Decision Crisis Involving Chronic Back Pain
Guidelines for Counselors Working with Medical Crises
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 14: Crises in the Workplace
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Crises Pertaining to Workplace Violence
Case Presentation: When Violence Threatens
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention with a Potentially Violent Employee
Crises Pertaining to Downsizing and Job Termination
Case Presentation: “I’ve Been Downsized”
Guidelines for Crisis Counseling with a Downsized Employee
Crises Pertaining to Supervisor – Coworker Conflict
Crises Pertaining to the Convergence of Work Stressors and Outside-of-Work Stressors
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Chapter 15. Disaster Response
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Middletown, New Jersey: A Community in Crisis
Middletown’s Response to 9/11
Middletown’s Favor Answers the Call
Middletown and Favor Working Together
A Parish Rises Up to Help
Resources for Chapter Enrichment

Joseph E. Colford holds a Ph.D. in Child Clinical Psychology from Seton Hall University; he also is a licensed psychologist and a certified school psychologist in New Jersey.  Dr. Colford worked in the public schools, primarily at the middle and high school levels, for almost 27 years before leaving the public sector for higher education.  He now is in his 13th year at Georgian Court University in Lakewood, New Jersey, as a professor of psychology and the director of the graduate program in school psychology. A former president of the New Jersey Association of School Psychologists (2012-13), he also is the co-author with Dr. Cavaiola of two previous books, A Practical Guide to Crisis Intervention and Crisis Intervention Case Book.