Martin J. J. Gannon & Rajnandini K. K. Pillai 
Understanding Global Cultures [EPUB ebook] 
Metaphorical Journeys Through 34 Nations, Clusters of Nations, Continents, and Diversity

Preface: Understanding Cultures in Depth
Part I. Introduction
Chapter 1. Understanding Cultural Metaphors
Language Barriers
Using Cultural Metaphors
Constructing Cultural Metaphors
Using Metaphor
Reading and Using This Book
A Two-Dimensional Typology of Cultures
A Scaling Perspective
Defining Culture or Identifying Its Determinants?
When Culture Does, and Does Not, Matter
Part II. Authority-Ranking Cultures
Chapter 2. The Thai Kingdom
Loose Vertical Hierarchy
Freedom and Equality
The Thai Smile
Chapter 3. The Japanese Garden
Corporate Cultures
Garden as Metaphor
Wa and Shikata
Seishin Training
Combining Droplets or Energies
Aesthetics
Similarities and Contrasts
Chapter 4. Bedouin Jewelry and Saudi Arabia
History and Geography
The Desert Bedouins
Bold Form
Handcrafted Appearance
Traditional Design
Female Ownership
Chapter 5. Dòn Gánh: The Two Sides of Vietnam
History of Occupation
The French Defeat and Division Into Two
The Metaphor: The Dualities of Dòn Gánh
Chapter 6. Kimchi and Korea
South Korea
Kimchi
The 60th Birthday
Strangers by Day, Lovers by Night
Kimchi’s Public Role
The Irish of Asia
Part III. Scandinavian Egalitarian Cultures
Chapter 7. The Swedish Stuga
Early History
Modern Evolution
Social Democracy
The Swedish Summer Home
Love of Untrammeled Nature and Tradition
Individualism Through Self-Development
Equality
Chapter 8. The Finnish Sauna
From Survival to Political and Economic Success
Sauna: A Secular “Holy” Place of Equality
Communication: Comfort With Quietude
Chapter 9. The Danish Christmas Luncheon
Interdependent Individualism
Geographic Ambivalence
Coziness
Part IV. Other Egalitarian Cultures
Chapter 10. The German Symphony
Postwar Evolution
The Symphony Orchestra
Diversity of Musical Instruments
Positional Arrangements of the Musicians
Conductors and Leaders
Precision and Synchronicity
The Unfinished Symphony
Chapter 11. Irish Conversations
Early History
English Oppression
Identifying Links
Intersection of Gaelic and English
Prayer as Conversation
A Free-Flowing Conversation: Irish Hospitality
Places of Conversations: Irish Friends and Families
Ending a Conversation
Chapter 12. The Canadian Backpack and Flag
Historical Background
Egalitarianism and Outlook
The Canadian Mosaic
Canadians as Non-U.S. Americans
Chapter 13. Australian Outdoor Recreational Activities
Capturing the Imagination
New Realities: Beyond Stereotypes
Barbecue
Equality Matching Among the Tall Poppies
Chapter 14. French Wine
Pureness
Classification
Composition
Suitability
The Maturation Process
The Changing Portrait
Part V. Market-Pricing Cultures
Chapter 15. American Football
The Tailgate Party
Pregame and Halftime Entertainment
Strategy and War
Selection, the Training Camp, and the Playbook
Individual Specialized Achievement Within the Team Structure
Aggression, High Risks, and Unpredictable Outcomes
Huddling
The Church of Football and Celebrating Perfection
Chapter 16. The Traditional British House
The Traditional House
History, Politics, Economics: Laying the Foundations
Growing Up British: Building the House
Being British: Living in the House
Part VI. Cleft National Cultures
Chapter 17. The Malaysian Balik Kampung
Returning to Nearby Roots
Authority Ranking
Reinforcing Common Values
Chapter 18. The Israeli Kibbutzim and Moshavim
Zionism, Types of Judaism, and the Palestinians
A New Country
Continuous War
Religious Conflict
Explicit Values
Size and Behavioral Outcomes
Traumas, Worldview, and Personality
Chapter 19. The Italian Opera
North and South
The Opera Metaphor
The Overture
Pageantry and Spectacle
Voice
Externalization
Chorus and Soloists
Chapter 20. Belgian Lace
Wallonian Versus Flemish
History of Lace
A Land of Contrasts
Control
Cooperation and Harmony
Part VII. Torn National Cultures
Chapter 21. The Mexican Fiesta
Historical Background
The Mexican Fiesta
Primary Focus on People
The Emphasis on Religion
Experiencing the Present
Freedom Within the Social Order
Chapter 22. The Turkish Coffeehouse
A Unique History
Islam and Secularity
Recreation, Communication, and Community Integration
A Male Domain
A Modest Environment
Life Outside the Coffeehouse
Looking Ahead
Part VIII. The Base Culture and Its Diffusion Across Borders (Clusters of Nations): The Example of China
Chapter 23. China’s Great Wall and Cross-Cultural Paradox
The Great Wall: Long, Tortuous, and Complex History
Confucianism and Taoism
Sun Tzu, War, and the Marketplace
Chapter 24. The Chinese Family Altar: The Expatriate Chinese Outside of China
The Importance of Family
The Expatriate Chinese
Roundness
Harmony
Fluidity
Chapter 25. The Singapore Hawker Centers
Origins of the Hawker Centers
Singapore’s History
Ethnic Diversity but Unity
Efficiency
The Power of Women
Safety
Synthesizing Traditional and New Values
Part IX. India: Tradition, Modernity, and Diversity
Chapter 26. India: The Dance of Shiva
Shiva’s Dance
Indian Culture: Early History
Cyclical Hindu Philosophy
The Cycle of Life
The Family Cycle
The Cycle of Social Interaction
The Work and Recreation (Rejuvenation) Cycle
Chapter 27. India: A Kaleidoscope of Diversity
The Kaleidoscope of Religions and Cultural Celebrations
Images of Festivals and Feasts
Cell Phones, Call Centers, and Curriculum: Images of Change
The Changing Image of Cricket
Part X. An African Perspective
Chapter 28. The Nigerian Marketplace
Diversity
Social Dynamism
Balancing Tradition and Change
Chapter 29. South African Townships
An Insider’s View
An Outsider’s View
Chapter 30. The Sub-Saharan African Bush Taxi
Basic Operations
A Short History of Africa
African Time Orientation and Fatalism
Communalism and Community Sharing
Hierarchy in African Society: Seating Arrangements in the Bush Taxi
Part XI. The Struggle for Cultural Identity and the Splintering of Nations: The Case of the Russian Empire
Chapter 31. Russian Ballet
An Apt Metaphor
A Flourishing Art
Echelons of the Ballet
Drama and Realism
The Russian Soul
Chapter 32. Estonian Singing
Lyrics, or the Painful History of the Proud Nation
Vocalists, or Simple Pleasures Inspired by Nature
Performance, or Singing as a Weapon
Audience, or Estonia on the Global Stage
Chapter 33. The Polish Village Church
Historical Background
Central Place of the Catholic Church
The Partitioning and Polish Identity
Survivors
Part XII. Same Metaphor, Different Meanings
Chapter 34. The Spanish Bullfight
The Bullfight Begins
Cuadrillas
Sol y Sombra
The Pompous Entrance Parade
Audience Involvement
The Ritual of the Bullfight
Chapter 35. The Portuguese Bullfight
Pride in Traditions
Stratification Amid Unity
Artistry and Human Gore
Profitless Bravery
Part XIII. Popular Music as Cultural Metaphors
Chapter 36. The Brazilian Samba
Evolution of the Samba
Small-Step Circularity
Physical Touch
Undulation
Spontaneous Escape
Paradox of Dancers
Chapter 37. The Argentine Tango
The Tango’s Evolution
Tango Music and Composers
The Dynamics of the Dance
Tango Singers and Their Lyrics
Gender Relations
Applying What We’ve Learned
Summary
Part XIV. Overlapping Cultural Metaphors for Geographically Related Nations
Chapter 38. Cultural Metaphors for the Caribbean
A Brief History of the Caribbean Region
Cultural Metaphors for the Caribbean
Personal Experiences With Caribbean Metaphors
Developing Complementary Cultural Metaphors
Conclusions
References
Index
About the Authors

Rajnandini Pillai (Ph D, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1994) is Professor of Management at the College of Business, California State University, San Marcos (CSUSM). She is also Executive Director and founding member of the Center for Leadership Innovation and Mentorship Building (CLIMB) at the university. Her areas of research interest are leadership and cross-cultural management. She has published her work on charismatic and transformational leadership, leadership and voting behavior, and cross-cultural differences in organizational justice in some of the leading journals in her field such as The Leadership Quarterly, Journal of Management, and the Journal of International Business Studies. She has also co-edited two books, Teaching Leadership: Innovative Approaches for the 21st Century (2003) and Follower Perspectives on Leadership (2007). She serves on the editorial boards of The Leadership Quarterly and Group and Organization Management. Rajnandini Pillai has held mid-level management positions in the banking industry in India, consulted with organizations in the United States on leadership effectiveness, and conducted workshops on leadership and global issues. She has received awards for excellence in teaching and research, including the College of Business Outstanding Professor Award, the Western Academy of Management Ascendant Scholar Award, the CSUSM President’s Award for Scholarship and Creative Activity, and the Harry E. Brakebill Distinguished Professor Award.