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The U.S. has spent almost $43 billion to develop, assemble, and operate the International Space Station (ISS) over the past two decades. The NASA Authorization Act of 2010 required NASA to enter into …

Productive direct conversion of lignocelluloses into liquid organic products by electron distillation of crude wood or by dry distillation of preliminarily irradiated wood is considered. Electron-bea …

Since the retirement of the Space Shuttle Program in July 2011, the United States has lacked a domestic capability to transport crew and – until recently – cargo to and from the International Space S …

The methodical study of the crystal growth processes and electrophoretic separation of the biomixtures have been carried out under microgravity conditions. The mathematical simulation of technologica …

New effective nano-objects such as the fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, shungites, graphenes and quantum dots have been widely used now in the research of many scientific and technical groups. The main …

Optical Spectroscopy is an interdisciplinary science dedicated to generating and building knowledge in the field of spectroscopy and as a tool for practical investigations. This book has been elabora …

In November 2013, the International Space Station (ISS or Station) completed 15 years of continuous operation in low Earth orbit, marking a significant achievement in the history of human spaceflight …

Photonic structures occurring in biological tissues such as butterfly wings, beetle elytra or fish scales are responsible for a broad range of optical effects including iridescence, narrow-band refle …

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), known also as chemical or spectroscopic imaging, is an emerging platform technology that integrates conventional imaging and spectroscopy to attain both spatial and spect …

Remote Sensing is the method of measurement of the object properties on the Earth’s surface using data acquired from aircraft and satellites. This method makes it possible to carry out the measuremen …