Penulis: William Douglas Morrison

William Douglas Morrison (1852–1943) was a distinguished criminologist and social theorist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In his significant work, “Crime and Its Causes” (1891), Morrison explored the sociological and environmental factors that contribute to criminal behavior, rejecting the then-popular biological determinism. His empirical approach and analysis of crime statistics paved the way for modern criminological thought. Morrison”s scholarly pursuits in penology and reformative systems were anchored in his experiences and observations as a prison chaplain at Her Majesty”s Prison Wandsworth, London. His literary style combined meticulous research with a progressive humanitarian perspective, advocating for societal and penal reforms. A proponent of environmental determinism, Morrison emphasized the impact of urbanization, poverty, and education on crime rates, distinguishing himself from his contemporaries who often subscribed to the atavistic theories of criminality predominant in the period. Through his work, Morrison demonstrated a deep compassion for the underprivileged and underscored the importance of social structure and conditions in shaping individual behavior. His interdisciplinary approach to criminology encompassed sociology, psychology, and law, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of crime and informing policy debates on crime prevention and rehabilitation.