Pelbagai

Laser ablation is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser e …

This book details current international collaborations in space exploration and outlines a path for inclusion of private sector space missions. …

The U.S. has spent almost $43 billion to develop, assemble, and operate the International Space Station (ISS) over the past two decades. The NASA Authorization Act of 2010 required NASA to enter into …

Productive direct conversion of lignocelluloses into liquid organic products by electron distillation of crude wood or by dry distillation of preliminarily irradiated wood is considered. Electron-bea …

Since the retirement of the Space Shuttle Program in July 2011, the United States has lacked a domestic capability to transport crew and – until recently – cargo to and from the International Space S …

The methodical study of the crystal growth processes and electrophoretic separation of the biomixtures have been carried out under microgravity conditions. The mathematical simulation of technologica …

New effective nano-objects such as the fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, shungites, graphenes and quantum dots have been widely used now in the research of many scientific and technical groups. The main …

Optical Spectroscopy is an interdisciplinary science dedicated to generating and building knowledge in the field of spectroscopy and as a tool for practical investigations. This book has been elabora …

In November 2013, the International Space Station (ISS or Station) completed 15 years of continuous operation in low Earth orbit, marking a significant achievement in the history of human spaceflight …