Human Trafficking: A Comprehensive Exploration into Modern Day Slavery examines the legal, socio-cultural, historical, and political aspects of human trafficking and modern-day slavery. While most texts only cover sex trafficking and labor trafficking, this text takes a more inclusive approach, provide coverage of what is currently known about organ trafficking, child marriage, and child soldiers as well. These topics are explored within the borders of the United States as well as across the world. The reality is that this problem is not limited to one country or, even, one continent. Technology and globalization have made this an international crisis that requires a collaborative and cooperative international response. The goal of this text is to provide an accurate understanding of all forms of human trafficking and current responses to this crime.
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Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
PART I FUNDAMENTALS
Chapter 1 Human Trafficking in Context
No-So-Modern Slavery
Root Causes of Human Trafficking: Supply, Demand, and Globalization
International Definition of Human Trafficking
Key Elements of Human Trafficking
Approaches to Combating Human Trafficking
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 2 Challenges, Resources, and Recommendations
Challenges to Understanding Human Trafficking
Additional Factors Causing Confusion in Understanding Human Trafficking
Existing Resources to Improve Our Understanding of Human Trafficking
Global Resources to Monitor Human Trafficking
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 3 Do Traditional Theories Help Us Understand Human Trafficking?
Assessing the Cost/Benefit Ratio: The Motivations of the Trafficker, Victim, and Buyer
Moving Beyond Rational Thinking: Additional Considerations in Explaining the Behavior of Traffickers and Victims at the Individual Level
Moving Beyond the Trafficker and Victim: Exploring the Impact of Ecological Factors
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 4 The Victims of Human Trafficking
Who Is a Victim?
Turning Vulnerabilities Into Victimization
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 5 The Traffickers
Motivation
Roles
Organizational Structure of Trafficking Operations
Characteristics of Traffickers
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
PART II SEX TRAFFICKING
Chapter 6 The Colliding Worlds of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
What Is Prostitution?
Prevalence
Demographics
Push Factors for Prostitution
Are Prostitution and Sex Trafficking the Same Thing?
Regulating Prostitution
Efforts to Control Prostitution and Their Impacts on Sex Trafficking
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 7 Moving Past the Prostitution Debate: An Examination of Sex Trafficking
An Introduction to Sex Trafficking
Explaining the Prevalence of Sex Trafficking
Stages in Sex Trafficking
Child Sex Trafficking
Women and Children Are Not the Only Victims
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 8 Sex Trafficking: Demand and Prevention
Demand
Reactions to Sex Trafficking
Prevention
Protection
Prosecution
Partnership
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
PART III LABOR TRAFFICKING
Chapter 9 More Than Unfair Labor Practices
What Is Labor Trafficking?
Portrait of Labor Trafficking in the U.S.
Portrait of Labor Trafficking Globally
Vulnerabilities and Demographics of Labor Trafficking Victims
Child Labor Trafficking
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Full-Length Case Studies
Chapter 10 Responses to Labor Trafficking
Reactions to Labor Trafficking
Theoretical Frameworks Guiding Existing Responses to Labor Trafficking
Recovery: The Identification of Traffickers and Victims
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
PART IV OTHER FORMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Chapter 11 Child Soldiers
Historical Context
Definition
Where Are Child Soldiers Found?
Is This Human Trafficking?
Responses to the Use of Child Soldiers
Consequences
Moving Forward
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 12 Organ Trafficking
Brief History of Organ Transplantation
Brief History of Trafficking in Organs
Forms of Trafficking in Organs
Legal and Ethical Frameworks Pertaining to Trafficking in Organs
Prevalence of Organ Trafficking
Causes of Organ Trafficking
Structure of Organ-Trafficking Operations
Organ Trafficking as Organized Crime
Research
Economic Approaches
Recovery
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resource
Chapter 13 Forced and Child Marriage
The Fundaments of Forced and Child Marriage
The Prevalence of Forced and Child Marriage
The Condemnation of Child Marriage
Global Perspectives of Child Marriage
What Fuels Child Marriage?
The Consequences of Child Marriage
Responding to Forced and Child Marriage
Predicting the Future of Child Marriage
Conclusion
Key Words
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 14 Conclusion
Overview
Defining Elements
Root Causes
Research
Identifying Traffickers
Where Do We Go From Here?
Remaining Issues in the Field of Human Trafficking
Final Remarks
References
Index
Mengenai Pengarang
Christine White, J.D. is an adjunct professor at University of Maryland. Sher received her Doctor of Law degree from American University, Washington College of Law in 2000. Her research interests include issues surrounding the understanding of human trafficking in the criminal justice field and the role race continues to play in the criminal justice system. In addition, she teaches the following courses in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice: Criminal Law; Human Trafficking; Juvenile Delinquency; Race and Crime; Drugs and Crime.
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