Auteur: Barbara Malak-Minkiewicz

Dr Barbara Malak-Minkiewicz is an honorary member of IEA, managed IEA’s membership relations from 1996 to 2013, and was a member of advisory committees for IEA CIVED and ICCS. She gained her Ph D from the University of Warsaw, where she taught social and developmental psychology and conducted research on socialization as well as interpersonal and intergroup conflict. During her career, she has provided consultancy on educational reform for Poland  and other former communist countries. Dr Judith Torney-Purta was a professor of human development in the College of Education at the University of Maryland, College Park from 1981 until her retirement in 2014. Previously, she was a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois, Chicago from 1970 to 1981. She led the civic education part of IEA’s Six Subject Survey, chaired the steering committee for IEA CIVED, and is a member of the advisory committee for ICCS. Dr Torney-Purta authored numerous publications in the field, received a range if awards and honors, and was elected as a Member of the US National Academy of Education in 2014.