This textbook provides an integral and integrated treatment of industrial-relevant problems for students of both chemistry and chemical engineering.
As such, this work combines the four disciplines of chemical technology – chemistry, thermal and mechanical unit operations, chemical reaction engineering and general chemical technology – and is organized into two main parts. The first covers the fundamentals, as well as the analysis and design of industrial processes, while the second section presents 20 concrete processes, exemplifying the inherent applied nature of chemical technology. These are selected so that they all differ with respect to at least one important aspect, such as the type and design of the reactor, the chemistry involved or the separation process used. As a result, readers will recapitulate, deepen and exercise the chemical and engineering principles and their interplay, as well as being able to apply them to industrial practice.
Instructive figures, rules of thumb for swift but reliable estimating of parameters, data of chemical media, and examples utilizing data from industrial processes facilitate and enhance the study process. A small general survey of selected modern trends, such as multifunctional and micro reactors, or new solvents for homogeneous catalysis, such as ionic liquids, point out to the reader that this is not a concluded discipline,
but a developing field with many challenges waiting to be solved.
Tabela de Conteúdo
1 Introduction
1.1 What is Chemical Technology?
1.2 The Chemical Industry
2 Chemical Aspects of Industrial Chemistry
2.1 Stability and Reactivity of Chemical Bonds
2.2 General Classification of Reactions
2.3 Catalysis
3 Thermal and Mechanical Unit Operations
3.1 Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
3.2 Heat and Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering
3.3 Thermal Unit Operations
3.4 Mechanical Unit Operations
4 Chemical Reaction Engineering
4.1 Main Aspects and Basic Definitions of Chemical Reaction Engineering
4.2 Chemical Thermodynamics
4.3 Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions
4.4 Kinetics of Fluid?Fluid Reactions
4.5 Kinetics of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactions
4.6 Kinetics of Gas?Solid Reactions
4.7 Criteria used to Exclude Interphase and Intraparticle Mass and Heat Transport Limitations in Gas?Solid Reactions and Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactions
4.8 Kinetics of Homogeneously or Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions
4.9 Kinetics of Gas?Liquid Reactions on Solid Catalysts
4.10 Chemical Reactors
4.11 Measurement and Evaluation of Kinetic Data
5 Raw Materials, Products, Environmental Aspects, and Costs of Chemical Technology
5.1 Raw Materials and Energy Sources
5.2 Inorganic Products
5.3 Organic Intermediates and Final Products
5.4 Environmental Aspects of Chemical Technology
5.5 Production Costs of Fuels and Chemicals Manufacturing
6 Examples of Industrial Processes
6.1 Ammonia Synthesis
6.2 Syngas and Hydrogen
6.3 Sulfuric Acid
6.5 Coke and Steel
6.6 Basic Chemicals by Steam Cracking
6.7 Liquid Fuels by Cracking of Heavy Oils
6.8 Clean Liquid Fuels by Hydrotreating
6.9 High Octane Gasoline by Catalytic Reforming
6.10 Refinery Alkylation
6.11 Fuels and Chemicals from Syngas: Methanol and Fischer?Tropsch Synthesis
6.12 Ethylene and Propylene Oxide
6.13 Catalytic Oxidation of o-Xylene to Phthalic Acid Anhydride
6.14 Hydroformylation (Oxosynthesis)
6.15 Acetic Acid
6.16 Ethylene Oligomerization Processes for Linear 1-Alkene Production
6.17 Production of Fine Chemicals (Example Menthol)
6.18 Treatment of Exhaust Gases from Mobile and Stationary Sources
6.19 Industrial Electrolysis
6.20 Polyethene Production
References
Index
Sobre o autor
Andreas Jess studied at the Technical University of Aachen. He obtained his Ph D and habilitation from the University of Karlsruhe for his work on syngas formation and up-grading of raw coke-oven gas. In 1998 he became professor for technical chemistry in Aachen. Since 2001 he is owner of the chair of Chemical Engineering at the University of Bayreuth. His research interests are the optimization and modeling of catalytic processes, utilization of ionic liquids, and processes for production of fuels and chemicals from fossil and renewable resources.
Peter Wasserscheid studied chemistry at the Technical University of Aachen and obtained his Ph D for the work on the use of ionic liquids. After a postdoc at BP Chemicals in Great Britain Wasserscheid returned to Aachen. In 2001 he became Scientific Supervisor of the Solvent Innovation Company and since 2003 he owns the chair of Chemical Reaction Engineering at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg.
At present he researches the development of concepts for highly selective catalytic processes. He has received several awards including the Max-Buchner-Award of DECHEMA (2001), the Innovation Award of the German Economy (2003, together with Solvent Innovation Gmb H, Cologne) and the Leibniz Award of the German Science Foundation (2006).
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