For many years, public schools served as prominent examples of organizations operating in a stable organizational environment. In the 21st century, however, this notion is gradually changing. Public schools face a dynamic organizational environment characterized by technological innovations, increased social heterogeneity, competition, and contradictory expectations presented by various stakeholders. In addition, the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic undermined schools’ basic routines, introducing uncertainty and instability to an extent that school leaders had never experienced before. These changing circumstances have increased the complexity school leaders experience on the job, creating new professional challenges, which are growing in number and sophistication. This book intends to promote awareness of the complex and unique challenges educational leaders are facing and, in doing so, to introduce a rational and a more balanced voice to the discourse on school leadership.