In confronting risk, individuals and all agencies cannot simply respond with endless resources in mitigating the damage that hazards engender—they have to establish a balance.
Risk Balance and Security combines the conceptual underpinnings of risk assessment and management at both the individual and agency level with a clear analysis of how these relate to challenges faced in responding to crime, terrorism, public health threats, and environmental disasters. With a new understanding of how decisions are made about threats and hazards, and how this understanding may be applied in our preparedness, prevention, and response strategies, we will be able to better conceptualize our task for enhancing security in the future.
Key Features
- Links theoretical ideas with real world examples: Clear discussions are presented of how risk is constructed in modern society and why that is important in our efforts to develop strategies to enhance security.
- Provides an interdisciplinary treatment of risk: To capture the realities facing public security today, ideas are drawn from a number of different disciplines.
- Illustrates real applications of solutions to security problems: Students are shown how agencies are dealing with specific threats to security.
- Compares individual-level and institutional-level assessments of risk and security: These divergences enable readers to appreciate the complexities of establishing security.
Intended Audience
This is an excellent text for undergraduate and graduate courses such as Disaster Research, Security, Police Studies, Emergency Planning, and Crime and Public Policy in the departments of criminology, criminal justice, political science, and public health.
Зміст
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter One: The Centrality of Security
Security Matters
Risk Positions
Approaching Security
Modelling Security
Studying Security from Many Perspectives
Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 1
Chapter Two: Values and Choices in Constructing Security
The Values of Security
The Invention of Risk Society
The Context of Risk Society
Applying Risk Society to Risk Balance
Culture and Messages About Security
Judging Hazards, Threats, and Risks
Experts
Routines, Experts, and Trust
Types of Resources
Security From What?
Security for Whom?
Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 2
Chapter Three: Crime and Security
How Much Crime and How Can It Be Addressed
Policing and Crime Risk
Protecting the Public: Community Policing and Intelligence-Led Policing
Who Polices Whom?
Security Against Crime
Profiling Offenders
Profiling Victims
Assessing Crime Information
Profiling Routines, Spaces, and Places
Preventing Crime?
Crime Events and Risk Balance
Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 3
Chapter Four: Modern Terrorism
Terrorism and Security
Who Are the Terrorists and What Threat Do They Pose?
Globalization
Who ‘We’ Are
Intelligence: Information and Knowledge
‘We Have Some Planes…’
Dealing With Vulnerability
Identification of Vulnerability and Vulnerability-Producting Mechanisms
Raising Awareness of Vulnerabiity
Accurate Information
Readiness and Response
Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 4
Chapter Five: Landscapes of Security: Health and the Environment
The Physical Landscape: Health
In Sickness and in Health
Jurisdiction and Spillover Effects
Brakes and Accelerators in the Local and Global Health Environments
Terrorist Events as Health Events
Summary
The Physical Landscape: The Environment
Defining Environmental Security
Power and Knowledge
The Blurry Boundaries Between Natural, Man-Made, and Other Disasters
The Evolution of Disaster
The Evolution of Hurricane Katrina
The Mitigation Stage
The Preparedness Stage
The Response Stage
The Recovery Stage
The Complications of Hurricane Katrina
Vulnerable Risk Positions
Communication Breakdowns
Failed Leadership
Summary
Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 5
Chapter Six: The Stages of Risk Balance and Security
Preparedness and Readiness
Insurance
Crisis Drills and Table Top Exercises: Imagining Dire Consequences
Cross-Agency Cooperation
Response
First Responders and Victims
Leadership in Response
The Media and Response Coordination
Recovery and Prevention
Litigation
Goverment Compensation
Returning to Normal: Re-Establishing Routines
Conclusion
Notes to Chapter 6
Chapter Seven: Concluding Thoughts
Becoming Secure: What Have We Learned?
Establishing Security
Practical Steps to Security
Principle 1. Choise
Principle 2. Decision-Making
Principle 3. Cooperation
Principle 4. Planning
Principle 5. Institutional Learning
Principle 6. Communication
Concluding Thoughts
Note to Chapter 7
References
Suggested Readings
Index
About the Authors
Про автора
Leslie W. Kennedy is currently University Professor at Rutgers University School of Criminal Justice (SCJ) and Director of the Rutgers Center on Public Security. He was the Dean of SCJ from 1998 to 2007. In his most recent research, he has focused on crime mapping and the development of risk terrain modeling for use by police in preventing crime. In addition to publishing numerous books on risk and crime, his research has appeared in Criminology, Justice Quarterly, American Journal of Public Health, and the Journal of Quantitative Criminology.
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