This comprehensive reference work provides an overview of the
concepts, methodologies, and applications in computational
linguistics and natural language processing (NLP).
* Features contributions by the top researchers in the field,
reflecting the work that is driving the discipline forward
* Includes an introduction to the major theoretical issues in
these fields, as well as the central engineering applications that
the work has produced
* Presents the major developments in an accessible way,
explaining the close connection between scientific understanding of
the computational properties of natural language and the creation
of effective language technologies
* Serves as an invaluable state-of-the-art reference source for
computational linguists and software engineers developing NLP
applications in industrial research and development labs of
software companies
Table of Content
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xiv
Notes on Contributors xv
Preface xxiii
Introduction 1
Part I Formal Foundations 9
1 Formal Language Theory 11
Shuly Wintner
2 Computational Complexity in Natural Language 43
Ian Pratt-Hartmann
3 Statistical Language Modeling 74
Ciprian Chelba
4 Theory of Parsing 105
Mark-Jan Nederhof And Giorgio Satta
Part II Current Methods 131
5 Maximum Entropy Models 133
Robert Malouf
6 Memory-Based Learning 154
Walter Daelemans And Antal Van Den Bosch
7 Decision Trees 180
Helmut Schmid
8 Unsupervised Learning and Grammar Induction 197
Alexander Clark And Shalom Lappin
9 Artificial Neural Networks 221
James B. Henderson
10 Linguistic Annotation 238
Martha Palmer And Nianwen Xue
11 Evaluation of NLP Systems 271
Philip Resnik And Jimmy Lin
Part III Domains of Application 297
12 Speech Recognition 299
Steve Renals And Thomas Hain
13 Statistical Parsing 333
Stephen Clark
14 Segmentation and Morphology 364
John A. Goldsmith
15 Computational Semantics 394
Chris Fox
16 Computational Models of Dialogue 429
Jonathan Ginzburg And Raquel Fernández
17 Computational Psycholinguistics 482
Matthew W. Crocker
Part IV Applications 515
18 Information Extraction 517
Ralph Grishman
19 Machine Translation 531
Andy Way
20 Natural Language Generation 574
Ehud Reiter
21 Discourse Processing 599
Ruslan Mitkov
22 Question Answering 630
Bonnie Webber And Nick Webb
References 655
Author Index 742
Subject Index 763
About the author
Alexander Clark is a Lecturer in the Department of
Computer Science at Royal Holloway, University of London. He is the
co-author, with Shalom Lappin, of Linguistic Nativism and the
Poverty of the Stimulus (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).
Chris Fox is a Reader in the School of Computer Science
and Electronic Engineering at the University of Essex. He has also
taught at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and King’s
College London. He is co-author, with Shalom Lappin, of
Foundations of Intensional Semantics (Wiley-Blackwell,
2005).
Shalom Lappin is Professor of Computational
Linguistics at King’s College London. He is editor of the
Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory (1996); co-author,
with Chris Fox, of Foundations of Intensional Semantics
(2005); and, with Alexander Clark, co-author of Linguistic
Nativism and the Poverty of the Stimulus (2010), all published
by Wiley-Blackwell.
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