International Encyclopedia of Education, Fourth Edition updates readers on emerging interests and developments in the field. The book presents comprehensive reviews of research in various areas, but also includes illustrations/examples from regions, nations, locations–situated and contrastive (i.e., rather than exemplars serving transferability rather than generalizability avoiding standardization and homogenizations). In so doing, this encyclopedia can serve topic-specific purposes as well as be enlisted in a fashion which binds together separate entries. Sections provide comprehensive reviews and the state of research, theory and practice in a fashion that is both historic and developmental. – Provides comprehensive reviews of research in various areas, including illustrations/examples from regions, nations, locations–situated and contrastive (i.e. rather than exemplars serving transferability rather than generalizability avoiding standardization and homogenizations)- Addresses the state of research, theory and practice in a fashion that is both historic and developmental- Presents a critical accounting of not only what educational scholars have achieved, but also current challenges