Increasingly routine use of prostate surface antigen (PSA)-based screening has led to the diagnosis of more patients with organ-confined prostate cancer. These localized cancers are routinely treated with radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy or prostate Brachytherapy. Prostate Brachytherapy is an appealing treatment for reasons including patient convenience, a favorable toxicity profile and cost-effectiveness. Consequently, the utilization of Brachytherapy is increasing, both in the United States and around the world. This book examines the increasing use of prostate Brachytherapy as a treatment method, as well as the numerous reasons why this particular type of treatment is providing positive results.