In ‘A Counter-Blaste to Tobacco, ‘ King James I articulates a vehement critique of tobacco usage in early 17th-century England. The text is a passionate and philosophical exposition that combines polemical rhetoric with scientific reasoning, critiquing both the physical and moral implications of tobacco consumption. James employs a highly rhetorical style that reflects the courtly language of his time, invoking authority and civility while addressing the growing popularity of tobacco. This work emerges from a broader cultural context that saw increasing debates around public health and morality, as tobacco was rapidly becoming a staple in social practices across Europe. James I, who reigned from 1603 to 1625, was not only a monarch but also a scholar and author deeply invested in the intersections of politics, religion, and health. His vigorous condemnation of tobacco reveals a monarch’s attempt to guide societal norms and shape public behavior during a time of burgeoning empire and changing societal values. His experiences and education likely informed his moral stance; he saw tobacco as a foreign vice that undermined the fabric of English virtue and health. Readers are encouraged to engage with this historical treatise, as it offers a window into the socio-political attitudes of the early 17th century. ‘A Counter-Blaste to Tobacco’ not only reflects King James I’s concerns for public morality but also serves as a fascinating lens through which to explore the evolving relationship between society and substance use. This work remains relevant for those interested in the legacy of health debates and the historical context of tobacco’s role in culture.