This book provides an overview of The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) which established a national Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program (HCFAC) under the joint direction of the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), acting through the Inspector General, and designed to coordinate Federal, state and local law enforcement activities with respect to health care fraud and abuse. In its fifteenth year of operation, the HCFAC’s continued success again confirms the soundness of a collaborative approach to identify and prosecute the most egregious instances of health care fraud, to prevent future fraud or abuse, and to protect program beneficiaries.