Calcium channels are ion channels which display selective permeability to calcium ions and are sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channels. In this book, the authors present research from across the globe in the study of the properties, functions and regulation of calcium channels. Topics discussed include the distribution of calcium channel Cav1.3 in the central nervous system; the signaling mechanisms of N-type and L-type calcium channels in cardiac hypertrophy and failure; voltage gated calcium channels in the developing vertebrate retina and subcellular calcium dynamics in femtoliter volumes based on the Gillepsie algorithm.