N. Kokudo & T. Ishizawa 
Fluorescent Imaging [EPUB ebook] 

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence has been used for imaging purposes for more than half a century; First employed by ophthalmologists for visualizing the retinal artery in the late 1960s, the application of ICG fluorescence imaging has since been continuously expanded. Recently, advances in imaging technologies have led to renewed attention regarding the use of ICG in the field of hepatobiliary surgery, as a new tool for visualizing the biliary tree and liver tumors.