مؤلف: Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (1749–1827), was a distinguished French scholar whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy and statistics. Born in Beaumont-en-Auge, Normandy, Laplace proved to be an exceptional student, particularly in mathematics. He was admitted to the University of Caen, and later moved to Paris, where his acumen in mathematics earned him a position teaching military engineers at the École Militaire. His extensive contributions to celestial mechanics are encapsulated in his five-volume series, “Mécanique Céleste” (1799–1825), which sealed his reputation as a leading scientist. In this seminal work, Laplace elaborated on and extended the work of his predecessors, such as Newton, to explain the complex motions of planets and the stability of the solar system. Beyond his astronomical research, he made significant strides in the field of probabilities. His “Essai philosophique sur les probabilités” (“A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities”) is an important work that lays out a systematic approach to probability and its application to the physical sciences, illustrating Laplace”s deep understanding of the subject. Within this essay, he introduced what is now known as Laplace”s Rule of Succession and other foundational concepts. His literary style in mathematical exposition is marked by rigor and clarity, ensuring that his work remains influential. Collectively, Laplace”s scientific endeavors place him among the pantheon of great Enlightenment thinkers who profoundly shaped modern science.