Neanderthals are the most-researched extinct members of genus Homo. They have been gone for between 28, 000 and 40, 000 years, far beyond the reach of cultural memories. An expanding number of archaeologists conclude that Neanderthals are, as genetics confirms, co-human with us whose lineage emerged in Africa about 300, 000 years ago. Were they the same as us? No.
Do archaeological discoveries of tools and behavioral clues indicate what may have been Neanderthal religion? Taking religion as spirituality realized in common, Hughson answers the controversial question with a conjecture assisted by anthropology. Neanderthals were hunter-gatherer animists associated with bears, burials, defleshed bones, and care for invalids.
Hughson goes further, exploring a theology of Neanderthal animism. He argues it was an early, non-verbal revelation of the divine. Experiential consciousness of being-alive meshed with all living things in one web of life that exceeded any living individual. Neanderthals encountered the source of being-alive filtered through nature and the cosmos. Far from complete, the encounter may have had an acuity lost to modernity and many Christians. The book concludes by relating Neanderthal religion to special revelation and biblical faith, with attention to the Gospel of John on the divine Logos and Aquinas on divine immanence.

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