Tony Barnett 
Gezira Scheme [PDF ebook] 
An Illusion of Development

Gezira is the Arabic word meaning ‘island* or ‘peninsula*. It crops up in place names throughout the Arab world, notably in the name Algeria which is an anglicized form of the Arabic al-guzayir, ‘the islands*. In the Sudan, Gezira means only one thing. It refers to that vast area of land which lies between the Blue and the White Nile. In particular, though, it refers to the part of that area which is irrigated and used for growing cotton, the staple export crop of the country.