A guide to treating mental health issues in children and adolescents
Diagnosis and Treatment of Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals is a resource tailored to the particular needs of current and future counselors, behavioral healthcare clinicians, and other helping professionals working with this vulnerable population. With in-depth content broken into two sections, this book first provides a foundation in the diagnostic process by covering the underlying principles of diagnosis and treatment planning, and then applies this framework to the DSM-5 categories related to children and adolescents. With research continually reshaping our understanding of mental health, it is critical mental health professionals make decisions based on evidence-based pathways that include the specialized research around children and adolescents. The leading experts who contributed to this book share contemporary perspectives on developmental considerations, assessment information, presenting symptoms, comorbidity, levels of severity, prevalence data, and other relevant factors.
- Structured content of chapters provides a crosswalk between the DSM-5 and this book
- Updated content based upon the changes, additions, and revisions to the DSM-5 that affect diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
- Pedagogical features, such as learning objectives, case studies, guided practice exercises, and additional resources, to support effective learning
Diagnosis and Treatment of Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Clinical and School Settings is a critical resource for mental health practitioners and graduate students working toward a career in a mental health profession.
Table of Content
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
About the Editors xv
List of Contributors xvii
PART I STAGES OF THE COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS 1
CHAPTER 1 CONCEPTUALIZING DSM-5 DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 3
Brandé Flamez, Jason H. King, and Joshua D. Francis
Introduction 3
Defining a Mental Disorder 4
The Clinical Significance Criterion in Diagnosis 7
The Developmental Process 8
Age-Related Factors 11
Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders 14
Changes in Diagnostic Categories from the DSM-IV-TR to the DSM-5 20
Summary 25
References 26
CHAPTER 2 EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR ASSESSING DSM-5 DISORDERS 28
Joshua D. Francis and Laura R. Haddock
Introduction 28
Diagnostic Challenges and Special Consideration When Working with Children and Adolescents 28
Classification Models 33
Identifying Sources of Information 35
Assessment Strategies 38
Establishing Diagnostic Validity 44
Assessment Instrument Validity and Reliability 46
Conducting a Differential Diagnosis 47
Clinical Case Formulation 48
Comprehensive Case Study 49
Summary 51
References 52
CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING CLIENT TREATMENT PLANS 55
Laura R. Haddock, Michelle Perepiczka, and Ruth Ouzts Moore
Introduction 55
Assessment Measures for Children (6–17) in the DSM-5 55
Case Conceptualization 63
Diagnosing 64
Components of a Comprehensive Treatment Plan 68
Challenges in the Treatment Planning Process 71
Strategies to Maximize Treatment Plan Effectiveness 75
Treatment Plan Development 76
Summary 78
References 79
CHAPTER 4 ADDRESSING CLIENT DIVERSITY THROUGHOUT THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS 81
Jacob J. Levy and Shawn L. Spurgeon
Introduction 81
Culture and Multiculturalism 81
Culture and Diagnostic Decision Making 83
Cultural Concepts of Distress 86
Culture and the DSM 87
The Process of Multicultural Assessment 88
Case Example: Alon 92
Summary 96
References 97
PART II DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORIES OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 101
CHAPTER 5 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER 103
Joshua John Diehl, Christina G. Mc Donnell, and Kristin Valentino
Introduction 103
Description of the Disorder 103
Differential Diagnosis 110
Assessment Strategies 112
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 115
Evaluation Strategies 117
Diagnostic Challenges 118
Summary 120
References 122
CHAPTER 6 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 128
Jason D. Kushner
Introduction 128
Description of the Disorder 131
DSM-5 Criteria 132
Differential Diagnosis 134
Assessment Strategies 135
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 137
Evaluation Strategies 141
Diagnostic Challenges 143
Summary 145
References 146
CHAPTER 7 SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS 148
Tara Chandrasekhar, Lindsey M. Hazzard, and Linmarie Sikich
Introduction 148
Description of Disorder 149
DSM-5 Criteria 156
Differential Diagnosis 161
Assessment Strategies 165
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 167
Psychosocial Interventions 169
Evaluation Strategies 173
Diagnostic Challenges 173
Summary 174
References 175
CHAPTER 8 BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS 177
Gregory T. Hatchett and Nicole R. Motley
Introduction 177
Description of the Disorders 179
DSM-5 Criteria 180
Differential Diagnosis 184
Assessment Strategies 191
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 193
Evaluation Strategies 195
Diagnostic Challenges 196
Summary 197
References 199
CHAPTER 9 DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS 203
Carlos P. Zalaquett and Seria Shia Chatters-Smith
Introduction 203
How to Distinguish between Childhood Moodiness and Depression 206
Description of Depressive Disorders 206
Differential Diagnosis 216
Assessment Strategies 216
Treatment and Intervention Strategies 223
Evaluation Strategies 226
Diagnostic Challenges 227
Summary 228
References 229
CHAPTER 10 ANXIETY DISORDERS 235
Dee C. Ray, Hayley L. Stulmaker, and Sue C. Bratton
Introduction 235
Description of Anxiety Disorders 236
DSM-5 Criteria 237
Differential Diagnosis 246
Assessment Strategies 247
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 250
Evaluation Strategies 253
Diagnostic Challenges 254
Summary 255
References 256
CHAPTER 11 OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS 259
Nicole R. Hill, Torey Portrie-Bethke, Brooks Bastian Hanks, and Holly H. Wagner
Introduction 259
Description of the Disorder 260
DSM-5 Criteria 264
Differential Diagnosis 268
Assessment Strategies 270
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 276
Evaluation Strategies 280
Diagnostic Challenges 281
Summary 282
References 283
CHAPTER 12 TRAUMA- AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS 286
Gerard Lawson, Ryan M. Cook, and Claudia E. Howell
Introduction 286
Description of the Disorders 286
Adjustment Disorders 288
DSM-5 Criteria 288
Differential Diagnosis 296
Assessment Strategies 297
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 305
Acute Stress Disorder 309
Evaluation Strategies 309
Diagnostic Challenges 310
Summary 311
References 312
CHAPTER 13 FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS 315
Laura H. Choate and Gary G. Gintner
Introduction 315
Description of Disorders 316
DSM-5 Criteria 317
Differential Diagnosis 325
Assessment Strategies 325
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 328
Evaluation Strategies 334
Diagnostic Challenges 335
Summary 336
References 337
CHAPTER 14 SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS 340
Carl J. Sheperis, Tracy K. Calley, Kathleen Jones-Trebatoski, and Lisa A. Wines
Introduction 340
Description of the Disorders 342
DSM-5 Criteria 344
Differential Diagnosis 352
Assessment Strategies 353
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 356
Evaluation Strategies 360
Summary 360
References 361
CHAPTER 15 GENDER DYSPHORIA 366
Anneliese A. Singh and Varunee Faii Sangganjanavanich
Introduction 366
TGNC Children and the History of Gender Dysphoria 367
Description of Gender Dysphoria 370
DSM-5 Criteria 373
Differential Diagnosis 374
Assessment Strategies 376
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 379
Evaluation Strategies 381
Diagnostic Challenges and Other Specified and Unspecified Designations 382
Summary 383
References 384
CHAPTER 16 DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND CONDUCT DISORDERS 386
A. Stephen Lenz and Chloe Lancaster
Introduction 386
Oppositional Defiant Disorder 387
Intermittent Explosive Disorder 391
Conduct Disorder 396
Antisocial Personality Disorder 401
Pyromania 401
Kleptomania 404
Other Specified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder 407
Unspecified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder 407
Considerations for Assessment and Treatment 407
Summary 408
References 409
CHAPTER 17 SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS 413
Carl J. Sheperis, Timothy M. Lionetti, and Joy-Del Snook
Introduction 413
Description of the Disorders 413
DSM-5 Criteria 414
Differential Diagnosis 427
Assessment Strategies 428
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 429
Evaluation Strategies 430
Diagnostic Challenges 434
Summary 434
References 435
CHAPTER 18 MAJOR AND MILD NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS DUE TO TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY 441
Gregory S. Hupp, Richard J. Cicchetti, and Gary M. Szirony
Introduction 441
Description of the Disorder 442
DSM-5 Criteria 443
Differential Diagnosis 445
Assessment Strategies 447
Evaluation Strategies 449
Treatment Strategies and Interventions 454
Diagnostic Challenges 456
Summary 461
References 463
CHAPTER 19 OTHER CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF CLINICAL ATTENTION WHEN WORKING WITH CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 465
K. Michelle Hunnicutt Hollenbaugh, Julia L. Whisenhunt, and Lee A. Teufel-Prida
Introduction 465
Using Z Codes with Children and Adolescents 465
Differential Diagnosis 466
Focus and Progress of Treatment Related to Other Conditions 469
Description of the Clinical Issues 469
Child Maltreatment and Neglect Problems 472
Housing and Economic Problems 474
Treatment 482
Evaluation 487
Summary 487
References 488
AUTHOR INDEX 493
SUBJECT INDEX 505
About the author
BRANDÉ FLAMEZ, PHD, NCC, LPC is a licensed professional counselor and clinical professor in the Counseling and Special Populations department at Lamar University. She is also the CEO and Founder of the nonprofit Serving and Learning Together (SALT) world Inc., which provides volunteer services to developing countries.
CARL J. SHEPERIS, PHD, NCC, ACS, LMHC, LPC serves as Chair of the Department of Counseling and Special Populations at Lamar University. He is a Past-President of the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling, Associate Editor for Quantitative Research for the Journal of Counseling and Development, and a Director for the National Board for Certified Counselors.
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