Microbial food-borne illnesses have a great impact not only on public health but also represent high economic costs for many countries around the world. Listeria monocytogenes, is a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen. In this book, the authors discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of Listeria infections. Topics include the behavior of L. monocytogenes in Greek PDO cheeses and preventing the pathogen’s proliferation; epidemic clones of Listeria monocytogenes; description of outbreaks, pathogenesis and technology for controlling Listeria; sublethal damage in Listeria monocytogenes after non-thermal treatments and implications for food safety; and Listeria monocytogenes in RTE fermented meat and smoked fish products.