Committee on Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science & Division on Earth and Life Studies 
Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science [PDF ebook] 
Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in Basic Ocean Research

Deep-diving manned submersibles, such as Alvin, which gained worldwide fame when researchers used it to reach the wreck of the Titanic, have helped advance deep-ocean science. But many scholars in this field have noted that the number and capabilities of today’s underwater vehicles no longer meet current scientific demands. At the same time, the relative value of manned and unmanned vehicles is often disputed. The report finds that new submersiblesboth manned and unmannedthat are more capable than those in the current fleet are needed and would be of great value to the advancement of ocean research.