‘If we had computers that knew everything there was to know about thingsusing data they gathered without any help from uswe would be able to track and count everything, and greatly reduce waste, loss, and cost. We would know when things needed replacing, repairing or recalling, and whether they were fresh or past their best. The Internet of Things has the potential to change the world, just as the Internet did. Maybe even more so.’
Kevin Ashton, originator of the term, Internet of Things
An examination of the concept and unimagined potential unleashed by the Internet of Things (Io T) with IPv6 and MIPv6
What is the Internet of Things? How can it help my organization? What is the cost of deploying such a system? What are the security implications? Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6: The Evolving World of M2M Communications answers these questions and many more.
This essential book explains the concept and potential that the Io T presents, from mobile applications that allow home appliances to be programmed remotely, to solutions in manufacturing and energy conservation. It features a tutorial for implementing the Io T using IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 and offers complete chapter coverage that explains:
- What is the Internet of Things?
- Internet of Things definitions and frameworks
- Internet of Things application examples
- Fundamental Io T mechanisms and key technologies
- Evolving Io T standards
- Layer 1/2 connectivity: wireless technologies for the Io T
- Layer 3 connectivity: IPv6 technologies for the Io T
- IPv6 over low power WPAN (6lowpan)
Easily accessible, applicable, and not overly technical, Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6 is an important resource for Internet and ISP providers, telecommunications companies, wireless providers, logistics professionals, and engineers in equipment development, as well as graduate students in computer science and computer engineering courses.
Table of Content
PREFACE xiii
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xvii
1 WHAT IS THE INTERNET OF THINGS? 1
1.1 Overview and Motivations 1
1.2 Examples of Applications 12
1.3 IPv6 Role 17
1.4 Areas of Development and Standardization 20
1.5 Scope of the Present Investigation 23
Appendix 1.A: Some Related Literature 25
References 26
2 INTERNET OF THINGS DEFINITIONS AND FRAMEWORKS 28
2.1 Io T Definitions 28
2.1.1 General Observations 28
2.1.2 ITU-T Views 31
2.1.3 Working Definition 33
2.2 Io T Frameworks 38
2.3 Basic Nodal Capabilities 44
References 46
3 INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATION EXAMPLES 48
3.1 Overview 49
3.2 Smart Metering Advanced Metering Infrastructure 52
3.3 e-Health Body Area Networks 55
3.4 City Automation 62
3.5 Automotive Applications 64
3.6 Home Automation 67
3.7 Smart Cards 70
3.8 Tracking (Following and Monitoring Mobile Objects) 77
3.9 Over-The-Air-Passive Surveillance Ring of Steel 79
3.10 Control Application Examples 86
3.11 Myriad Other Applications 93
References 94
4 FUNDAMENTAL Io T MECHANISMS AND KEY TECHNOLOGIES 97
4.1 Identification of Io T Objects and Services 97
4.2 Structural Aspects of the Io T 101
4.2.1 Environment Characteristics 101
4.2.2 Traffic Characteristics 102
4.2.3 Scalability 102
4.2.4 Interoperability 103
4.2.5 Security and Privacy 103
4.2.6 Open Architecture 103
4.3 Key Io T Technologies 103
4.3.1 Device Intelligence 103
4.3.2 Communication Capabilities 104
4.3.3 Mobility Support 104
4.3.4 Device Power 105
4.3.5 Sensor Technology 107
4.3.6 RFID Technology 111
4.3.7 Satellite Technology 118
References 119
5 EVOLVING Io T STANDARDS 120
5.1 Overview and Approaches 120
5.2 IETF IPv6 Routing Protocol for RPL Roll 123
5.3 Constrained Application Protocol (Co AP) 126
5.3.1 Background 126
5.3.2 Messaging Model 129
5.3.3 Request Response Model 129
5.3.4 Intermediaries and Caching 129
5.4 Representational State Transfer (REST) 130
5.5 ETSI M2M 130
5.6 Third-Generation Partnership Project Service Requirements for Machine-Type Communications 131
5.6.1 Approach 131
5.6.2 Architectural Reference Model for MTC 134
5.7 CENELEC 135
5.8 IETF IPv6 Over Lowpower WPAN (6Lo WPAN) 137
5.9 Zig Bee IP (ZIP) 137
5.10 IP in Smart Objects (IPSO) 138
Appendix 5.A: Legacy Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems 138
References 142
6 LAYER 12 CONNECTIVITY: WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE Io T 144
6.1 WPAN Technologies for Io TM2M 145
6.1.1 Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4 155
6.1.2 Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics (RF4CE) 170
6.1.3 Bluetooth and its Low-Energy Profile 170
6.1.4 IEEE 802.15.6 WBANs 180
6.1.5 IEEE 802.15 WPAN TG4j MBANs 181
6.1.6 ETSI TR 101 557 184
6.1.7 NFC 187
6.1.8 Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) and Related Protocols 189
6.1.9 Comparison of WPAN Technologies 192
6.2 Cellular and Mobile Network Technologies for Io TM2M 195
6.2.1 Overview and Motivations 195
6.2.2 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 196
6.2.3 LTE 197
Appendix 6.A: Non-Wireless Technologies for Io T: Powerline Communications 209
References 216
7 LAYER 3 CONNECTIVITY: IPv6 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE Io T 220
7.1 Overview and Motivations 220
7.2 Address Capabilities 224
7.2.1 IPv4 Addressing and Issues 224
7.2.2 IPv6 Address Space 225
7.3 IPv6 Protocol Overview 231
7.4 IPv6 Tunneling 239
7.5 IPsec in IPv6 242
7.6 Header Compression Schemes 242
7.7 Quality of Service in IPv6 245
7.8 Migration Strategies to IPv6 246
7.8.1 Technical Approaches 246
7.8.2 Residential Broadband Services in an IPv6 Environment 250
7.8.3 Deployment Opportunities 252
References 254
8 LAYER 3 CONNECTIVITY: MOBILE IPv6 TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE Io T 257
8.1 Overview 257
8.2 Protocol Details 266
8.2.1 Generic Mechanisms 267
8.2.2 New IPv6 Protocol, Message Types, and Destination Option 271
8.2.3 Modifications to IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 277
8.2.4 Requirements for Various IPv6 Nodes 278
8.2.5 Correspondent Node Operation 278
8.2.6 HA Node Operation 285
8.2.7 Mobile Node Operation 286
8.2.8 Relationship to IPV4 Mobile IPv4 (MIP) 291
References 292
9 IPv6 OVER LOW-POWER WPAN (6Lo WPAN) 293
9.1 Background Introduction 294
9.2 6Lo WPANs Goals 296
9.3 Transmission of IPv6 Packets Over IEEE 802.15.4 297
References 301
GLOSSARY 302
INDEX 356
About the author
DANIEL MINOLI has worked extensively in Internet and IP engineering, design, and implementations at organizations including Telcordia (Bellcore), Prudential Securities, AT&T, Capital One Financial, and Gartner/Data Pro. A former lecturer at Stevens Institute of Technology, NYU’s Information Technology Institute, and Rutgers University, Mr. Minoli has written columns for Computerworld, Network World, and Network Computing magazines and is the author of more than ten Wiley publications.More ebooks from the same author(s) / Editor
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