Since its discovery Antarctica has held a deep fascination for
biologists. Extreme environmental conditions, seasonality and
isolation have lead to some of the most striking examples of
natural selection and adaptation on Earth. Paradoxically, some of
these adaptations may pose constraints on the ability of the
Antarctic biota to respond to climate change. Parts of Antarctica
are showing some of the largest changes in temperature and other
environmental conditions in the world. In this volume, published in
association with the Royal Society, leading polar scientists
present a synthesis of the latest research on the biological
systems in Antarctica, covering organisms from microbes to
vertebrate higher predators. This book comes at a time when new
technologies and approaches allow the implications of climate
change and other direct human impacts on Antarctica to be viewed at
a range of scales; across entire regions, whole ecosystems and down
to the level of species and variation within their genomes.
Chapters address both Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems,
and the scientific and management challenges of the future are
explored.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Contributors
Introduction: Antarctic ecology in a changing world
Andrew Clarke, Nadine M. Johnston, Eugene J. Murphy & Alex D. Rogers
Part I: Terrestrial and freshwater habitats
Chapter 1. Spatial and temporal variability in terrestrial Antarctic biodiversity Steven L. Chown and Peter Convey
Chapter 2. Global Change in a Low Diversity Terrestrial Ecosystem: The Mc Murdo Dry Valleys, Diana H. Wall
Chapter 3. Antarctic lakes as models for the study of microbial biodiversity, biogeography and evolution
David A. Pearce and Johanna Laybourn-Parry
Part II: Marine habitats and regions
Chapter 4. The impact of regional climate change on the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula
Andrew Clarke, David K. A. Barnes, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Hugh W. Ducklow, John C. King, Michael P. Meredith, Eugene J. Murphy and Lloyd S. Peck
Chapter 5. The Marine Ecosystem of the West Antarctic Peninsula
Hugh W. Ducklow, Andrew Clarke, Rebecca Dickhut, Scott C. Doney, Heidi Geisz, Kuan Huang, Douglas G. Martinson, Michael P. Meredith, Holly V. Moeller, Martin Montes-Hugo, Oscar Shofield, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Debbie Steinberg and William Fraser
Chapter 6. Spatial and Temporal Operation of the Scotia Sea Ecosystem
Eugene J. Murphy, Jonathan L. Watkins, Phil N. Trathan, Keith Reid, Michael P. Meredith, Simeon Hill, Sally E. Thorpe, Nadine M. Johnston, Aandrew Clarke, Geraint Tarling, Martin Collins, Jaume Forcada, Angus Atkinson, Peter Ward, Iain Staniland, David Pond, Rachel Cavanagh, Rachael Shreeve, Rebecca Korb, Michael J. Whitehouse, Paul G. Rodhouse, Peter Enderlein, Aandrew Hirst, Anthony R. Martin, I. D. Briggs, Nathan Cunningham and Andrew Fleming
Chapter 7. The Ross Sea Continental Shelf: Regional Biogeochemical Cycles, Trophic Interactions, and Potential Future Changes
Walker O. Smith, Jr., David G. Ainley, Riccardo Cattaneo-Vietti and Eileen E. Hofmann
Chapter 8. Pelagic ecosystems in the waters off East Antarctica (30°E-150°E) Stephen Nicol and Ben Raymond
Chapter 9. The dynamic mosaic: Disturbance and development of Antarctic benthic communities
David K.A. Barnes and Kathleen E. Conlan
Chapter 10. Southern Ocean deep benthic biodiversity
Angelika Brandt, Claude De Broyer, B. Ebbe, Kari E. Ellingsen, Andrew J. Gooday, D. Janussen, Stephanie Kaiser, Katrin Linse, M. Schueller, Michael R. A. Thomson, Paul A. Tyler and A. Vanreusel
Chapter 11. Environmental forcing and Southern Ocean marine predator populations: effects of climate change and variability
Phil N. Trathan, Jaume Forcada and Eugene J. Murphy
Part III: Molecular adaptations and evolution
Chapter 12. Molecular ecophysiology of Antarctic notothenioid fishes
C.-H. Christina Cheng and H. William Detrich III
Chapter 13. Mechanisms defining thermal limits and adaptation in marine ectotherms: an integrative view
Hans O. Pörtner, Lloyd S. Peck and George N. Somero
Chapter 14. Evolution and biodiversity of Antarctic organisms; a molecular perspective
Alex D. Rogers
Part IV: Conservation and management aspects
Chapter 15. Biogeography and regional classifications of Antarctica
Peter Convey, David K. A. Barnes, Huw J. Griffiths, Susie M. Grant, Katrin Linse and David N. Thomas
Chapter 16. Conservation and Management of Antarctic Ecosystems
Susie M. Grant, Peter Convey, Kevin A. Hughes, Richard A. Phillips and Phil N. Trathan
Index
Über den Autor
Alex Rogers is a marine biologist working on the ecology and
conservation of marine ecosystem. Most of his research has focused
on Antarctic and deep-sea habitats, including seamounts,
hydrothermal vents and cold-water corals. He uses molecular tools
to help investigate the diversity and evolution of species and
connectivity of populations of marine organisms. He has also worked
extensively on human impacts on the oceans and the development of
policies for improved management of the oceans.
Nadine Johnston is a marine ecologist. Her research is
focused on the interaction of Scotia Sea species and their links to
the circumpolar ocean (from a food web perspective) to understand
the importance of spatial and temporal variability in the operation
of this ecosystem.
Eugene Murphy has spent over 25 years working on polar
marine ecosystems, as a marine ecologist and ecological
modeller. His major interests are in the structure and
function of oceanic ecosystems, and how biological and physical
interactions at different scales affect the dynamics of marine
populations, the overall structure of marine ecosystems amd their
response to change.
Andrew Clarke has spent the over 40 years working in
polar regions, principally as a marine ecologist. His major
interests are the elationship between temperature and the
physiology and ecology of organisms, and how changes in climate
over geological time have influenced the distribution and diversity
of organisms.
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