We are very auspicious to have the opportunity to author a book on biopolymer arena. Our experience in research has revealed the need for a book which emphasizes the basics orientation for beginners and those who want to increase their knowledge in the field of biopolymer based materials. This book is addressed to all researchers and scientists as well as students of graduate and postgraduate levels at universities and technical institutes who wish to keep abreast of advances in the biopolymers. The book consists of eleven chapters. This book introduces an overview of the developments made in the area of biopolymers such as cellulosic biofibers; their processing methods and potential applications, wood flour and rice husk as alternative to cellulosic fibers, green composites based on biodegradable polymer matrices, bioethanol from renewable resources, bio polymers based hydrogels and potential applications of chitosan. Some critical issues and suggestions for future work are discussed, underscoring the roles of scientists and researchers for the future of the new green materials through value addition to enhance their use.