Carolyn J. Downey & Betty E. Steffy-English 
50 Ways to Close the Achievement Gap [EPUB ebook] 

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Introduction
Six Standards for High-Performing Schools
1. Standard One: Establish a Well-Crafted, Focused, Valid, and Clear Curriculum to Direct Teaching
Strategy 1: Embed External Assessment Target Objectives in the Written Content Standards and Link to State Standards
Strategy 2: Have Clear and Precise District Curriculum Objectives – Content, Context, and Cognitive Type
Strategy 3: Deeply Align Objectives From External Assessments
Strategy 4: Sequence Objectives for Mastery Well Before They Are Tested
Strategy 5: Provide a Feasible Number of Objectives to Be Taught
Strategy 6: Identify Specific Objectives as Benchmark Standards
Strategy 7: Place Objectives in a Teaching Sequence
Strategy 8: Provide Access to Written Curriculum Documents and Direct the Objectives to Be Taught
Strategy 9: Conduct Staff Development in Curriculum and Its Delivery
2. Standard Two: Provide Assessments Aligned With the Curriculum
Strategy 10: Develop Aligned District Pre-Post Criterion-Referenced Assessments
Strategy 11: Have a Pool of Unsecured Test Items by Objective
Strategy 12: Establish Secured Performance Benchmark Assessments
Strategy 13: Conduct Assessment Training
Strategy 14: Use Assessments Diagnostically
Strategy 15: Teach Students to Be ‚Test Wise‘
Strategy 16: Establish a Reasonable Testing Schedule and Environment
Strategy 17: Disaggregate Assessment Data
Strategy 18: Maintain Student Progress Reports
3. Standard Three: Align Program and Instructional Resources With the Curriculum and Provide Student Equality and Equity
Strategy 19: Align Programs With the Curriculum to Ensure Congruity
Strategy 20: Use Research Data That Document Results to Drive Program Selection, and Validate the Implementation of Programs With Action Research
Strategy 21: Evaluate Programs to Determine Their Effectiveness in Strengthening Student Achievement of Curriculum Objectives
Strategy 22: Align Textbooks and Instructional Resources With the District Curriculum Objectives and Assessment in Both Content and Context Dimensions
Strategy 23: Use Technology in Design or Selection Procedures to Ensure Strong Connections to System Learning Expectations and Feedback
Strategy 24: Provide Training in the Use of Instructional Resources and Their Alignment With System Curriculum Objectives – Content, Context, and Cognitive Type
Strategy 25: Select or Modify Instructional Resources for Lessons to Ensure Full Alignment With System Objectives and Tested Learning
Strategy 26: Place Students in Programs and Activities in an Equitable Manner and With Equal Access to the Curriculum
Strategy 27: Implement Effective Programs and Strategies With English Language Learners
4. Standard Four: Use a Mastery Learning Approach and Effective Teaching Strategies
Strategy 28: Implement a Mastery Learning Model
Strategy 29: Align Teaching With the Curriculum
Strategy 30: Provide Differentiated Curriculum and Instruction as Well as Differentiated Time to Learn
Strategy 31: Provide Practice to Master the Curriculum
Strategy 32: Use Effective Instructional Practices
Strategy 33: Use Powerful Vocabulary Development Strategies
Strategy 34: Establish Individual Learning Plans for Low-Achieving Students
5. Standard Five: Establish Curriculum Expectations, Monitoring, and Accountability
Strategy 35: Provide for High Expectations for Achievement for Each Student
Strategy 36: Monitor the Curriculum
Strategy 37: Visit Classrooms and Provide Follow-up
Strategy 38: Use Disaggregated Data in the Decision-Making Process
Strategy 39: Focus Staff Appraisal on Professional Growth
6. Standard Six: Institute Effective District and School Planning, Staff Development, and Resource Allocations, and Provide a Quality Learning Environment
Strategy 40: Develop a District Planning Process That Is Strategic in Nature and Provides Guidance for the Development of District and School Long-Range Plans
Strategy 41: Create and Implement a Singular, Focused, Multiyear District Plan That Incorporates Change Strategies for Higher Student Achievement
Strategy 42: Align School Plans With the District Plan
Strategy 43: Implement Aligned Teacher Training to Reach District and School Goals
Strategy 44: Implement Administrative Training Aligned With the Curriculum and Its Assessment and District Plan Priorities
Strategy 45: Provide Differentiated Staff Development
Strategy 46: Link Resource Allocations to Goals, Objectives, Priorities, and Diagnosed Needs of the System
Strategy 47: Provide Qualified and Adequate Personnel
Strategy 48: Remove Incompetent Staff or Help Them Achieve Satisfactory Functioning
Strategy 49: Provide a Quality Learning Environment
Strategy 50: Provide Quality Facilities
Summary
References
Index

Fenwick W. English (Ph.D.) is the R. Wendell Eaves Senior Distinguished Professor of Educational Leadership in the School of Education at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a position he has held since 2001. As a scholar/practitioner he has held positions as a school principal and superintendent of schools in California and New York and as a department chair, dean, and vice-chancellor of academic affairs at universities in Ohio and Indiana. He is the former President of the University Council of Educational Administration (UCEA) and of the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA). His research has been reported in national and international academic forums. He edited the 2006 SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration, the 2009 SAGE Library of Educational Thought and Practice: Educational Leadership and Administration; and the 2011 SAGE Handbook of Educational Leadership (2nd Ed.). In 2013, he received the Living Legend Award from NCPEA for his lifetime contribution to the field of educational leadership.