The purpose of this book is to help nurses, midwives and health
professionals to better understand how the work of clinical
laboratories contributes to patient care. It answers the
following questions:
* Why is this test being ordered on my patient?
* What sort of sample is required?
* How is that sample obtained?
And most importantly:
* What is the significance of the test result for my
patient?
Retaining its accessible and user-friendly style, the aim of
this book remains the same: to provide nurses with as much relevant
information as possible about the most commonly requested
laboratory rests. This is not a book about laboratory technique –
its focus is on the clinical significance of test results, and
therefore the patient. The third edition is more
comprehensive in terms of the number of tests
discussed, incorporates colour to aid the accessibility,
and includes more paediatric content.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface vii
Acknowledgements viii
Part 1 Introduction 1
1 Introduction to Clinical Laboratories 3
2 Some Principles of Laboratory Testing 13
Part 2 Clinical Biochemistry Tests 31
3 Blood Glucose and Hb A1c 33
4 Plasma/Serum Sodium and Potassium 54
5 Plasma/Serum Urea and Creatinine; and e-GFR 75
6 Plasma/Serum Calcium and Phosphate 90
7 Arterial Blood Gases 108
8 Plasma/Serum Cholesterol and Triglycerides 134
9 Cardiac Markers – Troponin, Creatine Kinase (MB) and
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) 148
10 Tests of Thyroid Function – Thyroxine (T4),
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 160
11 Liver Function Tests: Alanine Transferase (ALT), Gamma
Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Alkaline Phosphatase (AP), Bilirubin
and Albumin 176
12 Plasma/Serum Amylase 196
13 Drug Overdose: Paracetamol and Salicylate 205
14 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Lithium, Digoxin and
Theophylline 215
Part 3 Haematology Tests 225
15 Full Blood Count – 1: Red Blood Cell Count, Haemoglobin
and Other Red Cell Indices 227
16 Full Blood Count – 2: White Cell Count and Differential
243
17 Tests of Haemostasis: Platelet Count, Prothrombin Time (PT),
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APPT), Thrombin Time (TT)
and D-dimer 255
18 Laboratory Investigation of Anaemia: Serum Iron, Total Iron
Binding Capacity, Serum Ferritin, Serum B12 and Folate 274
19 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Plasma C-Reactive
Protein (CRP) 290
Part 4 Blood Transfusion Testing 299
20 Blood Group, Antibody Screen and Crossmatch 301
Part 5 Microbiology Testing 323
21 Urine Microscopy, Culture and Sensitivity (M, C&S) 325
22 Blood Culture 339
Part 6 Screening Tests 353
23 Newborn Screening Blood Tests 355
24 Cervical Screening Test 370
25 Dipstick Testing of Urine 384
Glossary of Some Terms used in Laboratory Medicine 395
Abbreviations 400
Appendix: Adult Reference Ranges 402
Alphabetical Index of Tests 405
Index 407
Über den Autor
Chris Higgins worked for 16 years as a medical laboratory senior office. He now works as a freelance writer, and has written a series of articles for both the Nursing Times and the British Journal of Nursing.
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