This volume contains ten chapters which detail advances in sociology research. Chapter One examines the well-being of construction professionals by modeling the root factors of job-related burnout among civil engineers at contracting organizations. Chapter Two is a comparative analysis of the state policy of national identity in Estonia and Latvia, focusing on the view of Russian ethnic minorities. Chapter Three provides a general outlook and strategies for the translation of cultural items. Chapter Four looks at gender inequality among individuals with minority sexual orientation, focusing on abuse and its factors among Filipino sexual minorities. Chapter Five reviews dating violence in adolescents in residential care in Spain. Chapter Six focuses on sexual orientation and mental health, specifically addressing depression and anxiety in Filipino gay and bisexual men. Chapter Seven examines the effect of social and economic factors which cause changes in work outcomes preferences among women and men in Israel. Chapter Eight looks at the influence of mentor competence on mentee satisfaction. Chapter Nine provides a bibliometric analysis in the web of science in the last decade to evaluate school failure and gender. Chapter Ten is a review of cultural differences and their impact on parental involvement among Jews and Arabs in Israel.