Li Zhou 
Supercritical Adsorption for Cleaner Energy and the Environment [PDF ebook] 

Contents

Preface

Part I. Progress in Adsorption

Chapter 1 Classic adsorption theory

1.1 Definition of adsorption

1.2 Type of adsorption isotherms

1.3 Henry law

1.4 Langmuir equation of monolayer adsorption

1.5 BET equation of multilayer adsorption

1.6 Potential equations of multilayer adsorption

1.7 Kelvin equation of capillary condensation

References

Chapter 2 Acquisition of supercritical adsorption isotherms

2.1. Volumetric method

2.2 Gravimetric method

2.3 Other measurement techniques

2.4 Principal factors affecting adsorption measurement

2.5 Compressibility factor and fugacity coefficient

2.6. Cryostat

2.7. Illustration of calculations

2.7.1 Compressibility factor and fugacity coefficient

2.7.1.1 By SRK equation

2.7.1.2 By BWR equation

2.7.1.3 Based on experimental P-V-T data

2.7.1.4 A comment

2.7.2 Calibration of adsorbent

2.8 Generating adsorption isotherms by molecular simulation

References

Chapter 3 Collection of supercritical adsorption isotherms

3.1 Adsorption of H2 on activated carbon

3.2 Adsorption of CH4 on activated carbon

3.3 Adsorption of N2 on silica gel over a large temperature range

3.4 Adsorption of O2 on activated carbon

3.5 Adsorption of CH4 and N2 on activated carbon and silica gel

3.6 Adsorption of CO2 on activated carbon for near-critical region

3.7 Adsorption of H2, N2, O2, CH4, CO2 on carbon molecular sieve

3.8 Adsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 on silica molecular sieve

3.9 Adsorption of H2 on carbon nanotubes

3.10 Adsorption of H2-isotopes on micro- and mesoporous adsorbents with orderly structure

References

Chapter 4 Theoretical basis of supercritical adsorption

4.1 Isotherm type of supercritical adsorption

4.2 Theory crux of supercritical adsorption

4.3 Evaluation of Henry law constant from experimental isotherms

4.3.1 Based on Langmuir equation

4.3.2 Based on virial equation

4.3.3 Evaluation of adsorption heat

4.4 Determination of absolute adsorption

4.5 Evaluation of volume or density for the adsorbed phase

4.6 Isotherm modeling

4.7. Adsorption mechanism at supercritical temperature

4.8 Boundary of supercritical adsorption

4.9 Effect of the supercritical adsorption theory

4.9.1 Effect on applied research

4.9.2 Effect on theoretical research

4.9.2.1 Experimental

4.9.2.2 Description of the adsorbed phase

4.9.2.3 Presented model for the prediction of multi-component adsorption

4.9.2.4 Verification of the new model

4.9.2.5 Conclusion of comparisons

References

Part II. Effect of Adsorption Progress on Energy and Environment

Chapter 5 Carbon reduction makes coal power emission-free

5.1 Present state of coal fired power plants

5.2 Theoretical basis of the zero-emission approach

5.3 Experimental basis of the zero-emission approach

5.3.1 Experiments for absence of water in SFG

5.3.2 Experiments with presence of water in SFG

5.4 Process to realize zero-emission power plant

References

Chapter 6 Adsorption/reaction compound function removes sulfur from oil fuels

6.1 Background of the issue

6.2 Theoretical basis

6.3 Experimental study

6.3.1 Adsorbent, catalyst and testing fuels

6.3.2 Reagent quality and inspection method

6.3.3 Performance test

6.3.4 Additional tests

6.3.4.1 Regeneration

6.3.4.2 Test on commercial fuels

6.3.4.3 Tests on corrosion

6.3.5 Result and discussion

6.3.5.1 Quasi-first order dynamics of the nanoreaction

6.3.5.2 Effect of temperature

6.3.5.3 Effect of adsorbent and nanoreactor dimension

6.3.5.4 Compatibility of desulfur function with fuel types

6.3.5.5 Desulfur performance on commercial fuels

6.3.5.6 Regeneration and corrosion test

6.3.5.7 Discussion

6.3.5.8 Conclusion

References

Chapter 7 Adsorptive approaches for methane-majored fuels

7.1 ANG is limited by adsorption mechanism

7.2 Enhanced storage of natural gas in wet adsorbents

7.3 Charging/discharging experiments of wet-storage

7.3.1 Influence of charging pressure and packing density on released amount

7.3.2 Analysis and discussion of hydrate formation in wet activated carbon

7.3.3 Feature of charging process

7.3.4 Feature of discharging process

7.4 Effect of pore size distribution on storage capacity of wet activated carbon

7.4.1 Conceptional and experimental development of activated carbon

7.4.2 Storage capacity

7.4.3 Result and discussion

7.4.3.1 Porous structure of the activated carbon

7.4.3.2 Gravimetric storage capacity of the wet carbon

7.4.3.3 Volumetric storage capacity of the wet carbons

7.4.3.4 Conclusion

7.5 Removal of trace H2S from natural gas

7.5.1 General status of the issue

7.5.2 Performance of solvent coated adsorbents

7.5.2.1 The sorbent

7.5.2.2 The testing process

A Re-pressurization (RP)

B Adsorption (A)

C Pressure equalization (PE)

D Blowing down (BD)

E Purge (PG)

7.5.2.3 The operation pressure

7.5.2.4 The purging ratio

7.5.2.5 Time allocation in an operation cycle

A Adsorption time (tA)

B Blow down time (tBD)

C Purging time (tPG)

D Pressure equalization time (tPE)

E Summary of time allocation

F Test on continuous operation

G Test on effect of environment temperature

7.6 Enrichment of methane from impoverished gas

7.6.1 Separating CH4/N2 mixture by adsorption

7.6.1.1 Experimental

7.6.1.2 Evaluation of separation coefficient

7.6.1.3 Result and discussion

A Stability of experiment condition

B Reliability of the determination for ni by dynamic method

C Effect of adsorption heat and its application in improving the experimental technique

D Applicability comparison between tested adsorbents for the CH4/N2 separation

7.6.2 Enrichment of methane by PSA complemented with CO2 displacement

7.6.2.1 Experiment apparatus

7.6.2.2 Experiment material

7.6.2.3 Experiment procedure

7.6.2.4 Performance evaluation

7.6.2.5 Enrichment without CO2 displacement

7.6.2.6 Enrichment with CO2 displacement

7.6.2.7 Selection of adsorption time

7.6.2.8 Relationship between product concentration and methane recovery

7.6.2.9 Effect of feed gas concentration on enrichment

7.6.2.10 Studies on adsorbent regeneration

7.6.2.11 Test on consecutive cycling

7.6.2.12 Comparison with literature

7.6.2.13 Conclusion

References

Chapter 8 Studies on Hydrogen energy

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Recovery of hydrogen from flue gases

8.2.1 Experiment apparatus

8.2.2 Measurement of adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves

8.2.3 Studies on the function of buffer tanks

8.2.4 Study on cycling sequence of the new 4-bed PSA process

8.2.5 Study on the separation performance at low operation pressure

8.2.5.1 Based on adsorbents of OAC+ZMS-5A

8.2.5.2 Based on adsorbents of SAC+ZMS-5A

8.2.5.3 Comparison between two combinations of adsorbents

8.2.6 Studies on the effect of purging ratio

8.2.7 Studies on the operation stability and flexibility of the new PSA process

8.3 Routine technology of hydrogen production

8.4 Decomposition of water through redox reactions looping

8.4.1 Theoretical basis

8.4.2. Experimental proof

8.4.2.1 The oxidation/reduction cycling

8.4.2.2 Test on catalytic carbonization of coal

8.4.2.3 Test on coupling redox cycle with charcoal gasification

8.4.2.4 Comparison with counterpart processes

8.4.2.5 Conclusion

8.5 Hydrogen storage

8.5.1 Hydrogen storage by cryogenic adsorption

8.5.1.1 Comparison of compression storage at 77 K and at 298 K

8.5.1.2 Storage of H2 on activated carbon cooled by liquid nitrogen

8.5.2 Other studies on hydrogen storage

8.5.2.1 Liquefaction

8.5.2.2 Metallic hydrides

8.5.2.3 Complex hydrides

8.5.2.4 Other ideas about hydrogen storage

References

Acknowledgement

Epilogue

Li Zhou was previously Professor working in the School of Chemical Engineering at Tianjin University, China. He retired from this University in 2009. He served as Director Board Member of the International Adsorption Society from 2004-2010.