René David & Hassane Alla 
Discrete, Continuous, and Hybrid Petri Nets [PDF ebook] 

Petri nets do not designate a single modeling formalism. In fact, newcomers to the field confess sometimes to be a little puzzled by the diversity of formalisms that are recognized under this ‚umbrella‘. Disregarding some extensions to the theoretical modeling capabilities, and looking at the level of abstraction of the formalisms, Condition/Event, Elementary, Place/Transition, Predicate/Transition, Colored, Object Oriented… net systems are frequently encountered in the literature. On the other side, provided with appropriate interpretative extensions, Controled Net Systems, Marking Diagrams (the Petri net generalization of State Diagrams), or the many-many variants in which time can be explicitly incorporated -Time(d), Deterministic, (Generalized) Stochastic, Fuzzy…- are defined. This represents another way to define practical formalisms that can be obtained by the ‚cro- product‘ of the two mentioned dimensions. Thus Petri nets constitute a modeling paradigm, understandable in a broad sense as ‚the total pattern of perceiving, conceptualising, acting, validating and valuing associated with a particular image of reality that prevails in a science or a branch of science‘ (Thomas S. Kuhn).

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