Richard M. Gargiulo & Emily C. Bouck 
Special Education in Contemporary Society [PDF ebook] 
An Introduction to Exceptionality

Special Features
Preface
Acknowledgments
A Special Thank-You to Our Filming Participants
About the Contributors
About the Authors
PART 1 • FOUNDATIONS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
Chapter 1 • Special Education in Context: People, Concepts, and Perspectives
Definitions and Terminology
Categories and Labels
Prevalence of Children and Young Adults With Disabilities
A Brief History of the Development of Special Education
Cooperative Teaching
Universal Design for Learning
Exceptionality Across the Life Span
Chapter 2 • Policies, Practices, and Programs
Litigation and Legislation Affecting Special Education
Educational Reform: Standards-Based Education
Civil Rights Legislation
Identification and Assessment of Individual Differences
Referral and Assessment for Special Education
Designing Individualized Instructional Programs
Service Delivery Options: Where a Special Education Is Provided
Chapter 3 • Cultural and Linguistic Diversity and Exceptionality
Cultural Diversity: The Changing Face of a Nation
Multicultural Education, Bilingual Education, and Student Diversity
Disproportionate Representation of Minority Students in Special Education Programs
Issues in Assessing Students From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Groups
Educational Programming for Students With Exceptionalities Who Are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse
Chapter 4 • Parents, Families, and Exceptionality
Parent–Professional Relationships: Changing Roles
A Family Systems Approach
The Effects of a Child’s Disability on Parents and the Family
Stages of Parental Reaction to Disability
Disability and the Family
Working With Families Who Are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse
Cultural Reactions to Disability
Suggestions for Facilitating Family and Professional Partnerships
Chapter 5 • Assistive Technology
Technology in Education
Assistive Technology
History and Legislation of Assistive Technology
Assistive Technology Decision Making
Assistive Technology and the IEP
Assistive Technology Categorization
Devices and Tools
Issues With Assistive Technology
Assistive Technology Future Trends
PART 2 • A STUDY OF INDIVIDUALS WITH EXCEPTIONALITIES
Chapter 6 • Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Defining Intellectual Disability: An Evolving Process
Assessing Intellectual Ability and Adaptive Behavior
Classification of Individuals With Intellectual Disability
A Brief History of the Field
Prevalence of Intellectual Disability
Etiology of Intellectual Disability
Characteristics of Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Services for Young Children With Intellectual Disability
Transition Into Adulthood
Adults With Intellectual Disability
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 7 • Individuals With Learning Disabilities
Defining Learning Disabilities
A Brief History of the Field
Prevalence of Learning Disabilities
Etiology of Learning Disabilities
Characteristics of Individuals With Learning Disabilities
Assessment of Learning Disabilities
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Learning Disabilities
Services for Young Children With Learning Disabilities
Transition Into Adulthood
Adults With Learning Disabilities
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 8 • Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Defining Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A Brief History of the Field
Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Characteristics of Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Adolescents and Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Issues of Diversity
Chapter 9 • Individuals With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Defining Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Classification of Individuals With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
A Brief History of the Field
Prevalence of Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Etiology of Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Prevention of Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Characteristics of Children and Youth With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Assessing Students With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Services for Young Children With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Transition Into Adulthood
Adults With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
Family-Centered Interventions
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 10 • Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Defining Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Evolving Process
A Brief History of the Field
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Characteristics of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Services for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Transition Into Adulthood
Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 11 • Individuals With Speech and Language Impairments
The Nature of Speech, Language, and Communication
Defining Speech and Language Impairments
Classifying Speech and Language Impairments
Historical Perspectives
Prevalence of Speech and Language Impairments
Etiology of Speech and Language Impairments
Prevention of Speech and Language Impairments
Characteristics of Individuals With Speech and Language Impairments
Assessing Speech and Language Impairments
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Speech and Language Impairments
Services for Young Children With Speech and Language Impairments
Adolescents and Adults With Speech and Language Impairments
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 12 • Individuals With Hearing Impairments
Definitions and Concepts of Hearing Impairment
A Brief History of the Field
Prevalence of Hearing Impairment
Etiology of Hearing Impairment
Characteristics of Individuals With Hearing Impairments
Assessment of Individuals With Hearing Impairments
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Hearing Impairments
Services for Young Children With Hearing Impairments
Transition and Individuals With Hearing Impairments
Services for Adults With Hearing Impairments
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 13 • Individuals With Visual Impairments
Defining Visual Impairments
The Eye and How It Works
Classification of Visual Impairments
A Brief History of Visual Impairments
Prevalence of Visual Impairments
The Vision Process and Etiology of Visual Impairments
Prevention of Visual Impairments
Characteristics of Individuals With Visual Impairments
Assessment of Students With Visual Impairments
Educational Considerations
Orientation and Mobility
Technology and Individuals With Visual Impairments
Young Children With Visual Impairments
Transition Into Adulthood
Adults With Visual Impairments
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 14 • Individuals With Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Defining Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
A Brief History of the Field
Prevalence of Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Etiology of Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Characteristics of Individuals With Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Assessment of Students With Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals With Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Services for Young Children With Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Transition Into Adulthood
Adults With Physical Disabilities, Health Disabilities, and Related Low-Incidence Disabilities
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Chapter 15 • Individuals Who Are Gifted and Talented
Defining Giftedness: Refining the Meaning
Assessing Giftedness and Talent
Differences Among Children Who Are Gifted and Talented
A Brief History of the Field of Gifted and Talented Education
Prevalence of Giftedness and Talent
Etiology of Giftedness and Talent
Characteristics of Individuals Who Are Gifted and Talented
Educational Considerations
Technology and Individuals Who Are Gifted and Talented
Services for Young Children Who Are Gifted and Talented
Adolescents Who Are Gifted and Talented
Family Issues
Issues of Diversity
Trends, Issues, and Controversies
Postscript
Appendix A: Federal Definitions of Disabilities
Appendix B: Professional Standards: Council for Exceptional Children
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index

Emily Bouck is an Associate Professor of Special Education in the Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education at Michigan State University. She received her doctorate in special education from Michigan State University. Dr. Bouck is the author of numerous peer-reviewed journal articles and chapters relating to her two main areas of research: mathematics education for students with disabilities and functional life-skills education for students with disabilities with a central theme of assistive technology throughout both areas. Dr. Bouck is a Past President of the Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities of the Council for Exceptional Children and has also been active in the Technology and Media Division of the Council for Exceptional Children. Dr. Bouck taught courses on assistive technology; social, legal, and ethical issues in special education; special education methods; and doctoral seminars. She has experience working with a range of students with disabilities in school-settings from preschool through age 26.