The current collection presents articles (reviews and original research) about the latest scientific achievements in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The authors would like to draw the reader’s attention first to the review on fullerenes and their properties. This is an actively developing branch all over the world and in Russia, too. Moreover, the collection presents materials on polycondensation processes, polymer modifications and processing, fractal theory applied to high-molecular and low-molecular compounds, colloid chemistry and magnetic fluid particles, surface chemical reactions of solid polymers, degradation and stabilization of polymers, diffusion processes in polymers, polymeric blends and composites (production and properties), accessibility in polymers, oxidative kinetics, filled polymeric material design, and nanocomposites derived from organomodified clays.