An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Laboratory evaluates The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Six divisions of the laboratory were visited and reviewed. The scope of the assessment includes the following criteria: (1) the technical merit of the current laboratory programs relative to current state-of-the-art programs worldwide; (2) the adequacy of the laboratory budget, facilities, equipment, and human resources, as they affect the quality of the laboratory’s technical programs; and (3) the degree to which the laboratory programs in measurement science and standards achieve their stated objectives and desired impact. Based on the assessment, and using these criteria, the book outlines several observations and recommendations for ITL.