Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as a biopesticide in agriculture, forestry and mosquito control because of its advantages of specific toxicity against target insects, lack of polluting residues and safety to non-target organisms. The insecticidal properties of this bacterium are due to insecticidal proteins produced during sporulation. Despite these ecological benefits, the use of Bt biopesticides has lagged behind the synthetic chemicals. Genetic improvement of Bt natural strains, in particular Bt recombination, offers a promising means of improving efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Bt-based bioinsecticide products to develop new biotechnological applications. On the other hand, the different Bacillus species have important biotechnological applications; one of them is carried out by producing secondary metabolites, which are the study object of natural product chemistry. The amazing structural variability of these compounds has attracted the curiosity of chemists and the biological activities possessed by natural products have inspired the pharmaceutical industry to search for lead structures in microbial extracts. Screening of microbial extracts reveals the large structural diversity of natural compounds with broad biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and antitumor activities that enable the bacterium to survive in its natural environment. These findings widen the target range of Bacillus spp., in special B. thuringiensis, besides insecticidal activity and help people to better understand its role in soil ecosystem.
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Index Of Contributors.- Preface.- PART I BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFETY ALTERNATIVE.- 1 Discovery and description of Bacillus thuringiensis.- 2 Bacillus thuringiensis applications in agriculture.- 3 Risk Assessment of Bt Transgenic Crops.- 4 Use and efficacy of Bt compared to less environmentally safe alternatives .- 5 Protein Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-Endotoxins .- PART II GENETICS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS.- 6 Evolution of the Bacillus cereus group.- 7 Bacillus thuringiensis genetics and phages – from transduction and sequencing to recombineering .- 8 Conjugation in Bacillus thuringiensis: insights into the plasmids exchange process.- 9 Shuttle vectors of Bacillus thuringiensis .- 10 Construction and application in plasmid vectors of Bacillus cereus group .- 11 Recombination in Bacillus thuringiensis.- 12 Genetic improvement of Bt strains and development of novel biopesticides.- PART III BT AS BIOPESTICIDE: APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY.- 13 Genetically Modified Bacillus thuringiensis Biopesticides .- 14 Bacillus thuringiensis Recombinant Insecticidal Protein Production.- 15 Bt crops: past and future .- 16 A Review of the Food Safety of Bt Crops.- PART IV OTHER BACILLUS SPECIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY.- 17 The most important Bacillus species in biotechnology.- 18 Secondary metabolites of Bacillus: potentials in biotechnology.- 19 Future challenges and prospects of Bacillus thuringiensis.
