In the last few decades, we have witnessed significant advancements in our understanding of the problems in the water sector in many countries and how it can impact on economic development. There is now consensus that a myriad of factors cause problems in the water and sanitation sectors and there is general recognition of the need to address these issues to achieve poverty alleviation, growth and development. Many countries are revising their water institutions, policy and legislation to fast track the achievement of more effective management of water resources. A re-evaluation of their own approaches provide a basis for prioritizing policies which if implemented have a greater chance of success in contributing to alleviating water scarcity and sanitation and improving the health and well-being of rural societies. This book presents current research in the institutional aspects of water management.