Juliana Oliveira Domingues & Eduardo Molan Gaban 
Antitrust Law in Brazil [PDF ebook] 
Fighting Cartels

It has been demonstrated that the harm caused by anticompetitive conduct is particularly severe in developing countries. More than in developed countries, consumers are forced to accept inflated prices and producers suffer from high barriers to entry, artificial restriction of information and technology, and a chilling effect on innovation. Although it is difficult to quantify the extent of the social and economic damage that ensues, it is clear that effective enforcement of antitrust laws (both ex ante merger control and ex post conduct control), aimed at curbing cartel activity and abuse of dominant position, takes a giant step toward remedying the situation.