Contests long-standing claims that Confucianism came to prominence under China’s Emperor Wu.
Finalist for the 2015 Best First Book in the History of Religions presented by the American Academy of Religion
Winner of the 2014 Academic Award for Excellence presented by Chinese Historians in the United States
When did Confucianism become the reigning political ideology of imperial China? A pervasive narrative holds it was during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty (141–87 BCE). In this book, Liang Cai maintains that such a date would have been too early and provides a new account of this transformation. A hidden narrative in Sima Qian’s The Grand Scribe’s Records (Shi ji) shows that Confucians were a powerless minority in the political realm of this period. Cai argues that the notorious witchcraft scandal of 91–87 BCE reshuffled the power structure of the Western Han bureaucracy and provided Confucians an opportune moment to seize power, evolve into a new elite class, and set the tenor of political discourse for centuries to come.
Tabla de materias
List of Charts and Tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Minority as the Protagonists: Revisiting Ru儒 (Confucians) and Their Colleagues under Emperor Wu (141–87 BCE) of the Han
Ru, a Minority Group
Sources of the Myth
2. A Class Merely on Paper: A Study of ‘The Collective Biographies of Ru’ in The Grand Scribe’s Records (Shi ji 史記)
Ru Identity Suppressed by Conflicts
Transforming ‘Ru’ into Confucians
Redefining the Principles of Hierarchy
3. An Archeology of Interpretive Schools of the Five Classics in the Western Han Dynasty
Fragmented Scholarly Lineages
Revising Sima Qian
The Emergence and Proliferation of Interpretive Schools
Continuity or Disruption
Locating the Turning Point
4. A Reshuffle of Power: Witchcraft Scandal and the Birth of a New Class
A Fundamental Disjunction
The Rise of Ru Officials
Witchcraft Scandal and the Birth of a New Class
5. Begin in the Middle: Who Entrusted Ru with Political Power?
Huo Guang’s Dictatorship and Ru Discourse
Techniques of the Classics (jingshu 經術) and Legitimacy of the Throne
Ru Officials under Huo Guang and Emperor Xuan
Who Entrusted Ru with Political Power?
Conclusion
Ru before the Rise of the Ru Empire
Recruitment System of the Han Empire Revisited
Appendix: Major Official Titles of the Western Han Dynasty
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Sobre el autor
Liang Cai is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Arkansas.
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