The gradual retreat of polar sea ice in the Arctic region, combined with an expected increase in human activity – shipping traffic, oil and gas exploration, and tourism – could eventually increase the need for a U.S. military and homeland security presence in the Arctic. In recognition of increasing strategic interest in the Arctic, the United States has developed national level policies that guide the actions of the Department of Defense (DOD), the U.S. Coast Guard, and other stakeholders in the region. This book provides an overview of the policies that indicate that the United States has an enduring interest in working collaboratively with other nations to address the emerging challenges arising from the impacts of climate change and globalization in the Arctic. Also discussed, are Arctic national security needs including protecting the environment, managing resources, and supporting scientific research.