Autor: Stepan Poluianov

Fusa Miyake was educated at the Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University. She obtained her Ph D at Nagoya University in 2013, and has since worked for the Institute for Advanced Research and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory (now the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research), Nagoya University. She, together with a team of researchers, discovered the extreme solar events of 775 CE and 993 CE in the cosmogenic isotope (initially in 14C), that formed the field of this book. Ilya Usoskin is a professor in space physics at the University of Oulu and has worked as the head of Oulu Cosmic Ray Station since 2000. He is also the vice-director of Re So LVE (Research on SOlar Long-term Variability and Effects) Center of Excellence of the Academy of Finland. Ilya received his cand.scient. degree from the Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute and his Ph D from the University of Oulu. His awards include the knighthood (1st class knight) of the Order of the Lion of Finland (2013), Julis Bartels medal (2018) of the European Geosciences Union, and membership in the Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Stepan Poluianov got his degree at the ITMO (Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics) University in St Petersburg. He worked at the Polar Geophysical Institute before earning his Ph D in space physics at the University Oulu, Finland. Poluianov continues to work at the University of Oulu, studying cosmic rays and their interaction with matter. In 2019, he became a member of the AMS collaboration that runs the cosmic ray experiment AMS-02 at the International Space Station.