Over the decades, nuclear materials have been used in different domains for the development of human civilization. Our knowledge of nuclear properties, initially restricted to the basic physics, has now spawned many applications in other areas of science and beyond, such as in forensic science, material science, nuclear medicine, etc. Recent advancements in science and technology have paved a path towards the establishment and growth of nuclear technology and industries. This book will cover the recent developments in the field of nuclear science and technology and its applications in various sectors. Covering both fundamental and advanced aspects in an accessible way, this textbook begins with an overview of applications of nuclear material, helping readers to familiarize themselves with the various theoretical and experimental developments and aims to elaborate various aspects of nuclear materials in the health and energy sectors.