This book brings together a broad spectrum of authors, both from inside and from outside Cuba, who describe the development of Cuba’s scientific system from the colonial period to the present. It is a unique documentation of the self-organizing power of a local scientific community engaged in scientific research on an international level. The first part includes several contributions that reconstruct the different stages of the history of physics in Cuba, from its beginnings in the late colonial era to the present. The second part comprises testimonies of Cuban physicists, who offer lively insights from the perspective of the actors themselves. The third part presents a series of testimonies by foreign physicists, some of whom were directly involved in developing Cuban physics, in particular in the development of teaching and research activities in the early years of the Escuela de Física. The fourth part of the volume deals with some of the issues surrounding the publishingof scientific research in Cuba.
Cuba’s recent history and current situation are very controversial issues. Little is known about the development and status of higher education and scientific research on the island. However, Cuba has one of the highest proportions in the world of people with a university degree or doctorate and is known for its highly developed medical system. This book focuses on a comprehensive overview of the history of the development of one specific scientific discipline: physics in Cuba. It traces the evolution of an advanced research system in a developing country and shows a striking capacity to link the development of modern research with the concrete needs of the country and its population. A little known aspect is the active participation of several “western” physicists and technicians during the 1960s, the role of summer schools, organized by French, Italian, and other western physicists, as well as the active collaboration with European universities.
Table des matières
Introduction.- 1 A Short Introduction to this Volume; Angelo Baracca, Jürgen Renn, and Helge Wendt.- 2 The Cuban “Exception”: The Development of an Advanced Scientific System in an Underdeveloped Country; Angelo Baracca.- 3 Cuba: Short Critical Bibliographic Guide; Duccio Basosi.- Part I Historical Surveys.- 4 The Teaching of Physics in Cuba from Colonial Times to 1959; José Altshuler and Angelo Baracca.- 5 Mathematics and Physics in Cuba Before 1959: A Personal Recollection; José Altshuler.- 6 A Comprehensive Study of the Development of Physics in Cuba from 1959; Angelo Baracca, Víctor Luis Fajer Avila, and Carlos Rodríguez Castellanos.- 7 Accomplishments in Cuban Physics (up to 1995); Carlos R. Handy and Carlos Trallero-Giner.- 8 Physics at the University of Oriente; Luis M. Méndez Pérez and Carlos A. Cabal Mirabal.- 9 The Training of Physics Teachers in Cuba: A Historical Approach; Diego de Jesús Alamino Ortega.- 10 Can Universities Develop Advanced Technology and Solve Social Problems?; Isarelis Pérez Ones and Jorge Núñes Jover.-Part II Reflections from the Inside.- 11 The Rise and Development of Physics in Cuba: An Interview with Hugo Pérez Rojas in May 2009; Angelo Baracca.- 12 An Interview with Professor Melquíades de Dios Leyva, December 2008; Olimpia Arias de Fuentes.- 13 Experimental Semiconductor Physics: The Will to Contribute to the Country’s Economic Development; Elena Vigil Santos.- 14 Cuban Techno-physical Experiments in Space; José Altshuler, Ocatvio Calzadilla Amaya, Federico Falcon, Juan E. Fuentes, Jorge Lodos, and Elena Vigil Santos.- 15 Superconductivity in Cuba: Reaching the Frontline; Oscar Arés Muzio and Ernesto Altshuler.- 16 The Physics of Complex Systems in Cuba; Oscar Sotolongo-Costa.- 17 Magnetic Resonance Project 35-26-7: A Cuban Case of Engineering Physics and Biophysics; Carlos A. Cabal Mirabal.- 18 Nanotechnologies in Cuba: Popularization and Training; Carlos Rodríguez Castellanos.- 19 Physics Studies at the University of Havana;Osvaldo de Melo Pereira and María Sánchez Colina.- 20 Physics and Women: A Challenge Being Successfully Met in Cuba; Olimpia Arias de Fuentes.- Part III Reflections from the Outside.- 21 The Beginning of Semiconductor Research in Cuba; Theodore Veltfort.- 22 Andrea Levialdi in Memoriam; Dina Waisman.- 23 The Andrea Levialdi Fellowship; Roberto Fieschi.- 24 A Witness to French-Cuban Cooperation in Physics in the 1970s; Jacqueline Cernogora.- 25 My Collaboration with Cuban Physicists; Fabrizio Leccabue.- 26 Scientific Cooperation Between the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin (DAW) and Cuba in the 1960s and 1970s; Helge Wendt.- 27 A Beautiful Story; Federico García-Moliner.- 28 The Current State of Physics in Cuba: A Personal Perspective; Marcelo Alonso.- 29 Engaging Cuban Physicists Through the APS/CPS Partnership; Irving A. Lerch.- 30 A Perspective on Physics in Cuba; Carlos R. Handy.- 31 Cuban/US Research Interactions Since 1995; Maria C. Tamargo.- 32 Viva La Ciencia: Cuba’s Creative Scientists Aim to Make Knowledge Their Country’s Sugar Substitute; Rosalind Reid and Brian Hayes.- Part IV Scientific Communication and Its Conditions.- 33 Physics in Cuba from the Perspective of Bibliometrics; Werner Marx and Manuel Cardona.- 34 Contemporary Cuban Physics Through Scientific Publications: An Insider’s View; Ernesto Altshuler.
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