The book presents updated information on the cryopreservation of semen, embryos, germ cells and ovarian follicles of neotropical fish from South America. The chapters address the importance of developing germplasm banks of South American fish, both for commercial production and for conservation of ichthyofauna. This book has been designed mainly to provide a historical review of the 40 years of reproductive cryobiology research on South American fish species. The work is aimed at students, researchers and technicians involved in the areas related to the book’s theme. The editors invite the readers to delve into dense technical knowledge, developed by renowned researchers.