As a spectroscopic method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has seen spectacular growth, both as a technique and in its applications. Today’s applications of NMR span a wide range of scientific disciplines, from physics to biology to medicine. Each volume of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance comprises a combination of annual and biennial reports which together provide comprehensive coverage of the literature on this topic. This Specialist Periodical Report reflects the growing volume of published work involving NMR techniques and applications, in particular NMR of natural macromolecules, which is covered in two reports: NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids; and NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes. For those wanting to become rapidly acquainted with specific areas of NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance provides unrivalled scope of coverage. Seasoned practitioners of NMR will find this an invaluable source of current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr
Table des matières
Chapter 1: NMR Books and Reviews; 1: Books; 2: Regular Reviews Series; 3: Edited Books and Symposia; 4: Reviews in Periodicals; 5: Reviews and Books in Foreign Languages; Chapter 2: Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding; 1: Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding; 1.1: General Theory; 1.2: Ab initio and DFT Calculations; 2: Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding; 2.1: Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor; 2.2: Shielding Surfaces and Rovibrational Averaging; 2.3:Isotope Shifts; 2.4: Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding; 2.5: Absolute Shielding Scales; References; Chapter 3: Application of Nuclear Shielding; 1: Introduction; 2: Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species; 2.1: Group 1 (1H, 2H, 6, 7Li, 23Na, 39K, 87Rb, 133Cs); 2.2: Group 2 (9Be, 25Mg, 87Sr, 137Ba); 2.3: Group 3 (45Sc, 89Y, 139La, 171Yb, 235U); 2.4: Group 4 (47, 49Ti, 91Zr); 2.5: Group 5 (51V and 93Nb); 2.6: Group 6 (53Cr, 95Mo, 183W); 2.7: Group 7 (55Mn, 99Tc); 2.8: Group 8 (57Fe, 99Ru); 2.9: Group 9 (59Co, 103Rh); 2.10: Group 10 (195Pt); 2.11: Group 11 (63Cu, 107, 109Ag); 2.12: Group 12 (67Zn, 111, 113Cd, 199Hg); 2.13: Group 13 (11B, 27Al, 205Tl); 2.14: Group 14 (13C, 29Si, 73Ge, 117, 119Sn, 207Pb); 2.15: Group 15 (14, 15N, 31P); 2.16: Group 16 (17O, 33S, 77Se, 125Te); 2.17: Group 17 (19F, 35, 37Cl); 2.18: Group 18 (3He, 129Xe); References; Chapter 4: Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings; 1: Introduction; 2: Relativistic Calculation of Nuclear Spin-Spin Couplings; 3: Decomposition of Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants into Orbital Contributions; 4: Ab initio Calculation; 4.1: Fourier Analysis; 4.2: One-bond Coupling Constants in Monomers and Hydrogen-bonded Complexes; 4.3: A Factorial Design Analysis of Wave Functions to be Used; 4.4: Solvent Effects on the Spin-Spin Coupling Constants of Acetylene; 4.5: Non-empirical Calculations of Carbon-Carbon Coupling Constants in Alkanes; 5: Density Functional Theory Calculations of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants; 5.1: H-D Coupling Constants in Heavy Metal Dihydrogen and Dihydride Complexes; 5.2: Calculations of Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in Large Molecules; 5.3: Heteronuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants; 5.4: The Performance of New Exchange-Correlation Functionals; 5.5: The Temperature Dependence of the H-D Spin-Spin Coupling Constant; 5.6: Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants Including Phosphorus; 5.7: Substituent Effects on Spin-Spin Coupling Constants; 5.8: Anomeric Effect and Conformational Analysis; 5.9: Spin-Spin Couplings of Hydrogen-bonded Nuclei; 6: Other Works; 6.1: Empirical and Semiempirical Calculations; 6.2: The Absolute Sign of Coupling Constants; 6.3: Conformational Analysis; References; Chapter 5: Applications of Spin-Spin Couplings; 1: Introduction; 2: New Methods; 3: One-bond Couplings to Hydrogen; 4: One-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen; 5: Two-bond Couplings to Hydrogen; 6: Two-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen; 7: Three-bond Hydrogen-Hydrogen Couplings; 8: Three-bond Couplings to Hydrogen; 9: Three-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen; 10: Couplings over More than Three Bonds and Through Space; 11: Couplings Through Hydrogen Bonds; 12: Residual Dipolar Couplings; References; Chapter 6: Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases; 1: Introduction; 2: General, Physical and Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Spin Relaxation; 2.1: General Aspects; 2.2: Experimental Aspects; 2.3: Relaxation in Coupled Spin Systems; 2.4: Dipolar Couplings and Distance Information; 2.5: Exchange Spectroscopy; 2.6: Radiation Damping; 2.7: Quadrupolar Interactions; 2.8: Intermolecular Dipolar Interaction in Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Solution; 2.9: Slow Motions in Glasses; 2.10: Models for Molecular Dynamics; 3: Selected Applications of Nuclear Spin Relaxation; 3.1 : Pure Liquids ; 3.2 : Non-electrolyte Solutions ; 3.3: Electrolyte Solutions; 3.4: Molten Salts; 4: Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Gases; 5: Self-diffusion in Liquids; 5.1: Experimental and Theoretical Aspects; 5.2: Selected Examples; References; Chapter 7: Solid State NMR Spectroscopy; 1: Introduction; 2: Reviews and Introductory Articles; 3: Experimental Developments; 3.1: Proton NMR; 3.2: Decoupling; 3.3: Cross-polarisation and Polarisation Transfer; 3.4: 2D Techniques; 3.5: Quadrupolar Nuclei; 3.6: Other Experiments; 3.7: Instrumental Developments; 4: NMR Parameters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies; 4.1: Spin ¢ Nuclei; 4.2: Quadrupolar Nuclei; 5: Applications; 5.1: Organic Solids; 5.2: Amino Acids; 5.3: Peptides and Proteins; 5.4: Lipids and Membranes; 5.5: Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; 5.6: Cellulose and Related Materials; 5.7: Soils and Related Materials; 5.8: Coals and Carbonaceous Materials; 5.9: Polymers; 5.10: Organometallic and Coordination Compounds; 5.11: Glasses and Amorphous Solids; 5.12: Microporus Solids and Related Materials; 5.13: Surface Science and Catalysis; 5.14: Inorganic and Other Related Solids; References; Chapter 8: Multiple Pulse NMR; 1: Introduction; 2: General Methods and Theoretical Developments; 3: Fast Multidimensional Methods; 3.1: Reduced Sampling; 3.2: Reduced Dimensionality; 3.3: Using Multidimensional Projections; 3.4: Small Molecules; 4: Relaxation and Diffusion; 4.1: Measurement of Chemical Exchange Contribution; 4.2: Cross-correlated Relaxation Experiments; 4.3: Diffusion Experiments; 5: Coupling Constants Measurements; 5.1: Scalar Couplings; 5.2: Residual Dipolar Couplings; 6: Homonuclear Spectroscopy; 7: Inverse Proton Detected Correlation Spectroscopy; 7.1: Double-resonance Experiments; 7.2: Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Experiments; References; Chapter 9: NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids; 1: Introduction; 2: New Methodology; 2.1: Automated Analysis; 2.2: Dipolar Couplings; 2.3: TROSY-based Techniques; 2.4: NMR-based Screening; 3 : Macromolecular Structures ; 3.1 : Membrane Proteins ; 3.2 : Macromolecular Complexes ; 4: Protein Folding; References; Chapter 10: NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes; 1: Introduction; 2:Methods in NMR Spectroscopy, Computational Methods and Databases; 3: Cyclodextrins and Other Inclusion Complexes for Drug Delivery; 4: Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions; 5: Synthetic Targets; 6: Surfactants; 7: Glycolipids, Lipoproteins and Metabonomics; 8: Membrane Interactions; 9: Plant and Microorganism Natural Products and Enzymes; 10: Other Enzyme Studies; References; Chapter 11: Synthetic Macromolecules; 1: Introduction; 2: Primary Structure; 3: Liquid Crystalline Polymers; 4: Imaging; 5: Characterization of the Synthetic Macromolecules; 6: Polymer Blend of the Synthetic Macromolecules; 7: Dynamics of the Synthetic Macromolecules; References; Chapter 12: NMR in Living Systems; 1: General Applications and Methodologies; 1.1: Relaxation and Diffusion; 1.2: Metabolites, p H and Ions; 1.3: Spectral Techniques; 2: Cells; 2.1: Bacteria; 2.2: Blood; 2.3: Tumour; 2.4: Yeast and Fungi; 3: Plants; 3.1: Plant Tissues; 3.2: Plant Cells; 4: Tissues; 4.1: Brain; 4.2: Eye; 4.3: Heart; 4.4:Liver; 4.5: Tumour; 4.6: Whole Organisms; 5: Clinical Studies; 5.1: Reviews; 5.2: CNS; 5.3: Diabetes; 5.4: Liver; 5.5: Muscle; 5.6: Reproductive; References; Chapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 1: Introduction; 2: Nobel Lecture and Reviews; 3: Instruments and Materials; 3.1: Imaging System; 3.2: Probe, Resonator, Coil and Tranceiver; 3.3: Tunable Fiber Laser for Polarized gases; 3.4: High Temperature Systems; 4: Pulse Sequences and Data Processing; 4.1: Pulse Sequences; 4.2: Data Processing; 5: Hyperpolarized Noble Gases, Gas Phase Imaging and Nanopore Microstructure; 5.1: Reviews; 5.2: Hyperpolarized Xe Ice and Xe Complex; 5.3: Imaging via Xe Gas; 5.4: Application to Brain and Lung; 6: Dynamics – Flow, Dispersion and Velocity Imaging; 6.1: Velocimetry; 6.2: Gas Flow; 6.3: Flow in Gel Suspensions; 6.4: Dispersion in Porous Media and Reactor; 6.5: Steady State Flow in Porous Media; 7: Polymer; 7.1: Characterization; 7.2: Process Analysis – Desiccation; 7.3: Process Analysis – Water Absorption; 7.4: Process Analysis – Diffusion; 7.5: Polymer Gel – Structure; 7.6: Tablet Disintegration, Swelling, Drug Release; 7.7: Elastgraphy; 8: Chemical Engineering and Industrial Application; 8.1: Process Analysis – Drying Process; 8.2: Water Diffusion and Hydration; 8.3: Drop Freezing Process; 8.4: Suspension in Gas Flow; 8.5: Asphalts; 8.6: Dispersion, Distribution, Transport Process; 8.7: Kinetics; 9: Plant; 10: Food; 10.1: Review; 10.2: Moisture Migration; 10.3: Rice Cooking; 10.4: Dough; 10.5: Viscosity of Milk; 10.6: Fruits and Vegetables; 11: Contrast Agent; 11.1: Review; 11.2: New Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent; 11.3: Molecular Imaging; 11.4: Tunable Imaging; 11.5: Monitoring Liver Iron Content; 11.6: Mn-enhanced MRI; 12: Ex Vivo; 12.1: Cartilage; 12.2: Apoptosis; 12.3: Novel Drug Development; 13: In Vivo Application; 13.1: Reviews; 13.2: High Field CSL; 13.3: Angeogenesis in Brain; 13.4: Perfusion; 13.5: Diffusion, Flow and Permeation; 13.6: Oxidative Metabolite and Stress; 13.7: Transplanted Stem Cell; References; Chapter 14: Oriented Molecules; 1: Introduction; 2: Reviews, Theory and General Studies; 3: New Techniques; 4: Dynamic NMR Studies; 5: Chiral, Smectic, Lyotropic and Polymeric Systems; 6: Relaxation Studies; 7: Orientational Order in Liquid Crystals; 8: Membranes and Molecules Oriented Therein; 9: Structure and Orientation of Small Molecules; 10: Quantum Computing; 11: Weak Ordering and Biomolecular Studies; 11.1: Revies and General Studies; 11.2: Orienting Media; 11.3: New Experimental Methodologies; 11.4: New Pulse Schemes; 11.5: Computational Methods; 11.6: Structure, Conformation, Orientation and Dynamic Studies; References; Chapter 15: NMR of Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions; 1: Introduction; 2: General Articles: Reviews, Methods, Models; 2.1: Droplet Sizing in Emulsions; 3: Liquid Crystals; 3.1: Thermotropic Liquid Crystals; 3.2: Lyotropic Liquid Crystals; 4: Micellar Solutions; 4.1: Micelles in Amphiphile-Solvent Systems; 4.2: Solubilization, Microemulsions and Emulsions; References
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