Peter Abelard (c. 1079–1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, leading logician, theologian, poet, composer and musician. In philosophy he is celebrated for his logical solution to the problem of universals via nominalism and conceptualism and his pioneering of intent in ethics. Héloïse (c. 1100/01–1163/64), was a French nun, philosopher, writer, scholar, and abbess. She was a renowned ‘woman of letters’ and philosopher of love and friendship, as well as an eventual high-ranking abbess in the Catholic Church.