The initiative is the product of the populist movement, which in the late nineteenth century sought to increase voter control of what were viewed as unrepresentative state and local governments. Today, twenty-four states allow registered voters to place proposed state laws on the referendum ballot, and eighteen states authorize voters to place proposed state constitutional amendments on the referendum ballot by collecting a specified number of valid voter signatures. Numerous local governments have a charter provision or a state law provision allowing voters to employ the popular lawmaking device. In
The Initiative, Second Edition, Joseph F. Zimmerman traces the origin and spread of the initiative in the United States. The initiative has been a controversial device since first being introduced in South Dakota in 1898, with arguments both in support and in opposition. Zimmerman examines and evaluates both the legal foundation of the initiative, and the arguments against its use. He then concludes with a chapter that develops model constitutional, statutory, and local government charter provisions to assist jurisdictions and their voters contemplating adoption of the initiative or amendment of already existing constitutional, statutory, and charter initiative provisions.
Table des matières
List of Illustrations
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Citizen Lawmaking
2. The Legal Foundation
3. The Initiative in Court
4. Initiative Campaigns
5. The Initiative: An Evaluation
6. A Model for Direct Voter Lawmaking
Notes
Bibliography
Index
A propos de l’auteur
Joseph F. Zimmerman is Professor of Political Science at the University at Albany, State University of New York. His many books include
State-Local Governmental Interactions;
Interstate Water Compacts: Intergovernmental Efforts to Manage America’s Water Resources; and
The Recall, Second Edition: Tribunal of the People, all published by SUNY Press.
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