To which degree was ancient medical and philosophical knowledge incorporated in New Testament texts? Focusing on the crossroads of the Greek Bible, ancient medicine and philosophy, Annette Weissenrieder and Katrin Dolle are focusing on the anthropology related terms like ‘soul’, ‘body’ or ‘mind, ‘ but also going beyond in integrating terms like ‘female/male, ‘ ‘blood’ or ‘nature.’ They are trying to emphasize and highlight are the structures of meaning for key anthropological terms, taking ancient medical philosophical concepts into consideration in order to more clearly make out the distinctions between various terms from a natural philosophical perspective. The source-texts are presented with a fresh translation and with introductory remarks on philological, medical and philosophical questions.