To date, parasite diseases still affect millions of people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. The recent sequencing of parasite genomes opened a new era in parasitology research since the acquisition of new genomic data, providing a useful tool to analyze and compare gene structure, location and characteristics from different species to study evolution and gene function. This book is a collection of the recent findings of international experts in modern parasitology, computational biology, evolutionary biology, and genetics. It includes specific data on the current knowledge and understanding of genome organization, dynamic and function for Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Microsporidium, which represent the main causes of parasitic infections in humans. This book will be an essential reference for all parasitologists and scientists, as well as researchers, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in computational biology, evolutionary biology, and genetics.