This study provides a much needed re-evaluation of the role of pain and suffering in Hartmann von Aue. By critically and carefully combining traditional philology with modern theoretical analysis, drawing on theorists such as Mary Douglas, Michele Foucault, Norbert Elias and Elaine Scarry, the author shows how the ‘body’ is symbolically structured in Hartmann’s work to create a distinctly medieval signification system of pain. This system is analysed through an examination of the physical body and social body of the court, and the harmonious and refined image of courtly society as depicted in Hartmann’s work where it is shown that the very ideological system that informs courtly life causes suffering in both the physical and social bodies.