This volume covers current research findings and engineering applications of X-ray methods by the Japanese X-ray group members. The first part of the volume deals with fundamental problems in the methods for X-ray stress measurement. Phase stresses in the constituent phases of ceramic composites and ceramic-fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites are separately measured by X-rays, while three-dimensional stresses and thermal stresses in composites measured by X-rays are compared with the theoretical and numerical analyses. This work will therfore provide significant information for designing high-performance composites. Other topics covered include synchrotron X-ray radiation and the analysis of X-ray data by the Guassian curve method.Part two is devoted to the application of X-ray diffraction methods for various engineering purposes, the residual stress and half-value breadth (the full width at half the maximum) of the diffraction profiles being the two main X-ray parameters utilized in those applications. Chapters are included on X-ray fractography, a powerful technique for failure analysis, which is applied to the brittle fracture of ceramics and to the fatigue fracture of steels under various service conditions.
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